908 LIFE OF DAVID LIVINGSTONE, LL.D. 



employed, pointed out several instances of changes that had occurred since 

 that explorer had been on the lake. Sand beaches, which in many instances 

 had served their canoes as a shelter from the waves, had become flooded to a 

 depth of from three to four feet; low points of land had become totally insu- 

 lated, islands had been formed, and others had been submerged ; in the words 

 of the guide, ' The Tanganyika truly was swallowing the land very fast.' 

 But the best known change was at the mouth of the Lukuga. Two years 

 ago — if Para and the chief at the entrance are to be believed — there stood 

 there a long beach of white sand extending from Mkampemba on one side to 

 Kara Point on the opposite side, cut by a channel four hundred or five hun- 

 dred yards wide, much nearer Mkampemba than Kara Point. Several Arabs, 

 surprised at the change, confirmed Para's statement, but I found, instead of 

 this beach, a line of breakers, with a depth of from two to five feet, from 

 Mkampemba to Kara Point ; and as Cameron's halting place was no longer a 

 shelter for canoes, we were compelled to proceed further on, about three- 

 quarters of a mile. 



" The chief, Kawe-Nyange, who took Cameron in his canoe up the creek, 

 was very affable, remembered the white man of the well, and explained some 

 wonderful things that had been shown him, finally expressing a doubt as to 

 whether he should permit me to ascend the Lukuga, since he feared that the 

 other white man had thrown some medicine into the water, which had caused 

 the Tanganyika to overflow much country. The beach between his village 

 and Kara was covered with angry white waves, a fishing village on the beach 

 was destroyed, and the Mitwansi was covered with water. If one white man 

 could make so many changes in the country, what might not two do ? Kawe- 

 Nyange, however, was, after a little while, laughed out of his fears, and was 

 encouraged with ample gifts to take men with him to show me the land and 

 water round about. 



" All I could hear about the Lukuga, whether at Ujiji or from the chief 

 at its mouth, only added to the difficulty of comprehending the real state of 

 things. Lieutenant Cameron stated that he had discovered the outlet of the 

 Tanganyika, with a current of about 1 "2 knots an hour ! Arabs who had 

 crossed the Lukuga scores of times said that it was not an outflowing river, 

 but an inflowing river. Wagubba from Monyis asserted that there were two 

 Lukugas, one flowing east and one coming west, and a bank or ridge of dry 

 land separated the two. Ruango, one of my guides, declared that he had 

 crossed it five times ; that it was a small river flowing into the Tanganyika ; 

 that if I found it flowed in any other direction except into the Tanganyika 

 he would return his hire to me. Para, Cameron's chief guide, remarked that 

 the white man could not have seen the water flow towards Rua, simply be- 

 cause it did not flow there. 



"A native at Tembwe reported that last year there were two Lukugas, 



