926 LIFE OF DA VID LIVINGSTONE, LL.D. 



very wide. It required two days to cross it. A mountainous island was situ- 

 ated in the middle of it, where voyagers to Ruanda from Ugufu generally 

 rested one night, arriving the next day in Ruanda. But though Ugufu is 

 really a large island and very mountainous, no native speaks of it as an island. 

 It is separated on the north side from Kishakka by the Ruvuvu outlet, from 

 Uhha and Urundi on the south by the Kagera, and from Ruanda on the west 

 side by the Alexandra Nyanza. The course of each affluent from the lake 

 was taken by compass-bearings both at the Mount of Observation and at Keza, 

 where I obtained confirmation of what my guides had told me. The natives 

 much confused me when speaking of Kivu Lake, sometimes pointing it out 

 in the direction of the Alexandra Nyanza, and again using the name of Ny- 

 anza Cha-Ngoma ; others called it by the name of Mkinyaga. They sometimes 

 represented it as very large, and occasionally attempted to give an idea of its 

 extent by stating that it required so much time to cross it in a canoe. Coun- 

 tries situated along its shores were also named, which, being noted down, 

 have assisted me to compare the information of natives of Kishakka with 

 that furnished by Wazige and "Warundi. 



"Warundi on the Tanganyika say that Kivu Lake is connected with 

 Akanyaru by a marsh ; that it would require a day's march along this marsh 

 (ten or fifteen miles) to proceed from Kivu to Akanyaru, and that the Rusizi 

 flows from the south-west corner of Kivu to Tanganyika. Moreover, the 

 Wazige who live on the Rusizi are very accurate in describing the names of 

 the streams flowing into it, and unanimously agree with the Warundi that it 

 is an issue of Kivu or Kovoe Lake. They also confirm the Warundi, that 

 Unyambungu is on the south-west side of Kivu. Having ascertained so much 

 with precision, it became easy then to connect together the fragmentary in- 

 formation obtained from North Uhha, West Usui, and Kishakka, where the 

 name Kivu is not generally known, and the locality of Unyambungu renders 

 the solution of the difficuly conceivable. Mkinyaga is north-west of Unyam- 

 bungu, and, to a person in North Uhha, with his face turned north, Mkin- 

 yaga is said to be left of Kivu, being therefore situated west of that lake. 

 Mkinyaga is a large country extending to south-west Ruanda until a three 

 days' march would take a person to Albert Nyanza. When hearing of 

 Mkinyaga Lake, we must understand it to be Akanyaru or the Alexandra 

 Nyanza, which last comprehends and replaces all the native titles of the 

 lake. 



" Yet here, within two degrees of longitude, where seven countries meet, 

 representatives of these nations are unable to give a clear and connected ac- 

 count of this most interesting region. The cause of this ignorance arises 

 from the peculiar character of the Northern Warundi and Wa- Ruanda, who 

 are a jealous, treacherous, and vindictive people. If an explorer could cross 

 the country of Urundi, and enter Mkinyaga, he would meet with a different 



