REMARKABLE PHENOMENON. 935 



fore take on conjecture for the present the precise form and the origin of 

 this Nyanza, which may conceivably be the lake heard of by Dr. Living- 

 stone to the north-east of Nyangwe. Mr. Stanley gives such cogent reasons 

 for receiving with suspicion all native statements upon geography that we 

 may be sure he has investigated the evidences well before delineating his 

 Alexandra Nyanza and Nilr beyond the extreme point of view. What he 

 has marked to the southwards appears, it must be candidly confessed, very 

 extraordinary. Below the Alexandra Nyanza comes, according to this map, 

 a swampy country, Urundi — a day's march in breadth — and then a smaller 

 lake, Kivu, or Kivoe, connected with the Nyanza by this marsh. 



" Out of the south-west corner of Kivu runs the Rusizi, which, as Stanley 

 himself first discovered, flows into Tanganyika; so that if this be indeed the 

 case we are confronted with the puzzle of a body of water in Kivu which 

 drains by a marsh one way into the Alexandra Nyanza, and thus onward 

 to the Victoria, while it flows the other way by the Rusizi into Tanganyika. 

 Now, a lake with two outlets is hardly known to geographical science. It is 

 said that in Norway, and also, perhaps, in Sutherland, there exists such a 

 phenomenon as a double outlet from the same reservoir ; but under certain 

 conditions of flood in neither case could the effluents be permanent. If we 

 possessed the elevations of this region the problem would be clearer. Tan- 

 ganyika, at all events, is lower than the Victoria Nyanza, so that it is impos- 

 sible for Kivu — if, indeed, it furnishes the Rusizi — to be also connected with the 

 Alexandra Nyanza, which supplies the Alexandra Nile to the Victorian Sea. 

 We should not deem it candid to pass over these obvious dfficulties, but they 

 do not diminish the importance of the discovery that a considerable body of 

 water exists upon the spot occupied in previous maps by the petty c Akanyara,' 

 and that the stream which fills it must henceforward be regarded as the prin- 

 cipal feeder of the Nile, should no great river be found entering the Albert 

 from the westward. 



" Meanwhile all this new volume of lake and stream added perennially 

 to the Nile increases the mystery, as well as the bulk, of that majestic river; 

 and we do not wonder that the fascination of his fresh discoveries divided 

 Mr. Stanley's mind between completing them by an expedition from Nyangwe 

 and following the Lualaba from that place down to its mouth. It will be seen 

 that on returning from his voyage of fifty-one days round Tanganyika our 

 Commissioner found that a malignant epidemic was devastating Ujiji, and 

 had already cost his own .followers some lives. Thus within three weeks of 

 his second arrival at Ujiji Mr. Stanley would probably be obliged to be on 

 the march again through Uguha and Manyema to Nyangwe. The road 

 thither is not difficult, and would occupy, as we learn from Frank Pocock's 

 interesting letters, about two months. Our Joint Commisioner would thus 

 arrive upon the Lualaba at the end of November last, and if in anything like 



