41 6 MODE OF ADDRESSING SLAVES. 



whole country to rise in arms, and this is the chief danger 

 to be feared. These petty chiefs have individually but 

 little power, and with my men, now armed with guns, I 

 could have easily beaten them off singly ; but, being of 

 the same family, they would readily unite in vast numbers, 

 if incited by prospects of successful plunder. They are by 

 no means equal to the Cape Caffres in any respect whatever. 



In the evening we came to Moena Kikanje, and found 

 him a sensible man. He is the last of the Chiboque chiefs 

 in this direction, and is in alliance with Matiamvo, whose 

 territory commences a short distance beyond. His village 

 is placed on the east bank of the Quilo, which is here 

 twenty yards wide, and breast-deep. 



The country was generally covered with forest, and we 

 slept every night at some village. I was so weak, and 

 had become so deaf from the effects of the fever, that I 

 was glad to avail myself of the company of Senhor Pascoal 

 and the other native traders. Our rate of travelling was 

 only two geographical miles per hour, and the average 

 number of hours three and a half per day, or seven miles. 

 Two-thirds of the month was spent in stoppages, there 

 being only ten travelling days in each month. The stop- 

 pages were caused by sickness, and the necessity of 

 remaining in different parts to purchase food ; and also 

 because, when one carrier was sick, the rest refused to 

 carry his load. 



One of the Pombeiros had eight good-looking women in 

 a chain, whom he was taking to the country of Matiamvo 

 to sell for ivory. They always looked ashamed when I 

 happened to come near them, and must have felt keenly 

 their forlorn and degraded position. I believe they were 

 captives taken from the rebel Cassanges. The way in 

 which slaves are spoken of in Angola and eastern Africa, 

 must sound strangely even to the owners, when they first 

 come from Europe. In Angola the common appellation 

 is " o diabo," or " brutu ; " and it is quite usual to hear 

 gentlemen call out " O diabo ! bring fire." In eastern 

 Africa, on the contrary, they apply the term " bicho " (an 

 animal), and you hear the phrase, " Call the animal to do 

 this or that." In fact, slave-owners come to regard their 

 slaves as not human, and will curse them as the " race of a 

 dog." Most of the carriers of my travelling companions 

 were hired Basongo, and required constant vigilance to 

 prevent them stealing the goods they carried. Salt, which 



