EFFECTS OF SMOKING MUTOKWANE. 505 



or mentally, while so much addicted to smoking the 

 mutokwane (Cannabis sativa). They like its narcotic 

 effects, though the violent fit of coughing, which follows 

 a couple of puffs of smoke, appears distressing, and causes 

 a feeling of disgust in the spectator. This is not diminished 

 on seeing the usual practice of taking a mouthful of water, 

 and squirting it out together with the smoke, then uttering 

 a string of half-incoherent sentences, usually in self-praise. 

 This pernicious weed is extensively used in all the tribes 

 of the interior. It causes a species of frenzy, and Sebi- 

 tuane's soldiers, on coming in sight of their enemies, sat 

 down and smoked it, in order that they might make an 

 effective onslaught. I was unable to prevail on Sekeletu 

 and the young Makololo to forego its use, although they 

 cannot point to an old man in the tribe who has been 

 addicted to this indulgence. I believe it was the proximate 

 cause of Sebituane's last illness, for it sometimes occasions 

 pneumonia. Never having tried it, I cannot describe the 

 pleasurable effects it is said to produce, but the hachshish 

 in use among the Turks is simply an extract of the same 

 plant, and that, like opium, produces different effects on 

 different individuals. Some view everything as if looking 

 in through the wide end of a telescope, and others, in 

 passing over a straw, lift up their feet as if about to cross 

 the trunk of a tree. The Portuguese in Angola have such 

 a belief in its deleterious effects that the use of it by a 

 slave is considered a crime. 



November 28th. — The inhabitants of the last of Kaonka's 

 villages, complained of being plundered by the independent 

 Batoka. The tribes in front of this are regarded: by the 

 Makololo as in a state of rebellion. I promised to speak 

 to the rebels on the subject, and enjoined on Kaonka the 

 duty of giving them no offence. According to Sekeletu's 

 order, Kaonka gave us the tribute of maize-corn and 

 ground-nuts, which would otherwise have gone to Linyanti. 

 This had been done at every village, and we thereby saved 

 the people the trouble of a journey to the capital. My 

 own Batoka had brought away such loads of provisions 

 from their homes that we were in no want of food. 



After leaving Kaonka we travelled over an uninhabited, 

 gently undulating, and most beautiful district, the border 

 territory between those who accept, and those who reject,, 

 the sway of the Makololo. The face of the country appears 

 as if in long waves, running north and south. There are 



