SEAMS OF COAI,. 593 



we landed near a small cataract, and walked about two 

 miles through very fertile gardens to the seam, which we 

 found to be in one of the feeders of the Iyofubu, called 

 Muatize or Motize. The seam is in the perpendicular 

 bank, and dips into the rivulet, or in a northerly direction. 

 There is first of all, a seam 10 inches in diameter, then 

 some shale, below which there is another seam, 58 inches 

 of which are seen, and, as the bottom touches the water 

 of the Muatize, it may be more. This part of the seam is 

 about 30 yards long. There is then a fault. About 100 

 yards higher up the stream, black vesicular trap is seen, 

 penetrating in thin veins the clay shale of the country, 

 converting it into porcellanite, and partially crystallizing 

 the coal with which it came into contact. On the right 

 bank of the Lofubu there is another feeder entering that 

 river near its confluence with the Muatize, which is called 

 the Morongdzi, in which there is another and still larger 

 bed of coal exposed. Further up the Iyofubu, there are 

 other seams in the rivulets Inyavu and Makare ; also 

 several spots in the Maravi country have the coal cropping 

 out. This has evidently been brought to the surface by 

 volcanic action at a later period than the coal formation. 

 I also went up the Zambesi and visited a hot spring 

 called Nyambordnda, situated in the bed of a small rivulet 

 named Nyaondo, which shows that igneous action is not 

 yet extinct. We landed at a small rivulet called Mokorozi, 

 then went a mile or two to the eastward, where we found 

 a hot fountain at the bottom of a high hill. A little spring 

 bubbles up on one side of the rivulet Nyaondo, and a great 

 quantity of acrid steam rises up from the ground adjacent, 

 about 12 feet square of which is so hot, that my com- 

 panions could not stand on it with their bare feet. There 

 are several little holes from which the water trickles, but 

 the principal spring is in a hole a foot in diameter, and 

 about the same in depth. Numbers of bubbles are con- 

 stantly rising. The steam feels acrid in the throat, but is 

 not inflammable, as it did not burn when I held a bunch of 

 lighted grass over the bubbles. The mercury rises to 

 1 5 8° when the thermometer is put into the water in the 

 nole, but after a few seconds it stands steadily at 160 . 

 Kven when flowing over the stones, the water is too hot 

 for the hand. Little fish frequently leap out of the stream 

 in the bed of which the fountain rises, into the hot water, 

 and get scalded to death. We saw a frog which had 



2 Q 



