240 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



discovery by Dr. Raymond of this fauna, so definitely located in the 

 Pennsylvanian, must reopen somewhat the discussion of the age of the 

 Texas Red Beds. It certainly places the advent of a distinctly ter- 

 restrial reptilian fauna earlier than has hitherto been supposed. The 

 suggestion may not be impossible that conditions for terrestrial life of 

 a high order were reached earlier in the east than in the west, and, 

 that the Carboniferous swamps of Pennsylvanian time, giving place to 

 upland surfaces before the advance of the Appalachian uplift, made 

 possible a type of life that was homotaxially equivalent to a similar 

 type, which developed at a later time in the west. 



Evidence has been gradually accumulating that the Pelycosauria, and 

 the reptilian and amphibian forms associated with them, had a wide- 

 spread distribution over North America. Forms are now known from 

 Prince Edward Island, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kansas, Oklahoma, 

 Texas, and New Mexico. Though there seems to be some difference 

 in the collections from the different localities it is not sufficient to war- 

 rant the inference that there were marked faunal differences in North 

 America. It seems more probable that the fauna was rather homo- 

 geneous, inhabiting the ponds, lakes, swamps, and uplands of the 

 entire area of the central and eastern part of North America. The 

 occurrence of a large number of forms in Texas is due to their deposi- 

 tion in the delta of a large river, which drained an extensive area to 



the north. 



References. 



Beede, J. W. " Invertebrate Paleontology of the Upper Permian Beds of Oklahoma 

 and the Pan Handle of Texas." The Kans. Univ. Sc. Bull., Vol. IV., No. 



3> 1907. 

 Case, E. C. " Descriptions of the Skull of Bolosaurus striatus, Cope." Bull. Am. 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XXIII., Art. XXVIII., pp. 653-658. 1907. 

 " Revision of the Pelycosauria of North America." Washington, July, 1907. 

 "New or Little Known Vertebrates from the Permian of Texas." Journal 

 Geol., Vol. XL, No. IV., 1903. 

 Raymond, P. E. " On the Discovery of Reptilian Remains in the Pennsylvanian 

 near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania." Science, N. S., Vol. XXVI. , p. 835, 1907. 



Explanation of Plate LIX. 

 (All figures are natural size. ) 

 Fig. 1. Desmatodon hollandi Case. The holotype, consisting of a fragment of a 

 jaw with four teeth. 



Fig. 2. A diadectid reptile. Chevron of an undetermined species. 

 Fig. 3. Naosaurus (?) raymondi Case. Holotype, consisting of the neural spine 

 of a vertebra. 



