356 Annals of the Carneige Museum. 



Tais : — Name of a valley and a village in the same, situated op- 

 posite the town of Turrialba on the railway, eight miles below Juan 

 Vinas. The Tuis Valley is much like that of Tucurriqui, except that 

 it is about 5,000 feet lower, and is larger. The name does not often 

 appear on labels. Mr. Lankester secured quite a number of specimens 

 there in 1907. 



Turrialba : — *A thriving little town on the railway from Port Limon 

 to San Jose, situated on the northern side of the Reventazon River, in 

 the lower part of a large valley of the same name, and at an altitude 

 of about 2,000 feet. There is a large sugar-estate there, while higher 

 up in the valley considerable stock is raised, as well as corn and beans. 

 Carmiol and Zeledon collected there, and also Arce. There is little 

 to tempt the collector at that point now, most of the forest having 

 been cleared away for some distance about the town. 



Turrialba (Volcan de) : — A beautiful, cone-shaped volcano of 

 comparatively recent origin, lying to the east of the Volcan de Irazu, 

 and forming the eastern end of the chain of volcanoes lying in central 

 Costa Rica. The highest point of the crater reaches an elevation of 

 11,100 feet. From timber-line (about 9,000 feet) to the summit the 

 rise is very abrupt, that portion above the line of trees having the 

 shape of an almost perfect truncated cone, with two sharp ridges run- 

 ning off in nearly opposite directions. The crater is not more than 

 four hundred yards in diameter, but the walls are perpendicular at 

 almost all points, of solid rock, and averaging about 2,000 feet in 

 height. In the western side of the crater is a pocket of recent for- 

 mation which erupted fine ash and vapors up to twenty-five years ago, 

 and still has a number of vents through which scalding hot steam still 

 rushes, while the soft white ash forming the floor is nearly hot enough 

 to burn the feet. There is a large stock- and dairy-farm on the plateau 

 between this peak and Irazu (lying just west of it), belonging to Sefior 

 don Francisco Gutierrez, at whose house I was most hospitably received 

 at the times I visited the volcano. The bird-fauna is practically the 

 same as that of Irazu, although some species appear to be missing from 

 each which are found on the other. The only collectors who have 

 visited the volcano are Senor Zeledon, Mr. Ridgway, Mr. Lankester, 

 and myself, all within the last three years. 



Turriicares : — A small town near the Ferrocarril al Pacifico, about 

 ten miles from San Jose. 



Uj arras or Ujards (de Terraba) : — There are several localities of 



