358 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



of which were published by Bonaparte, while to the south of Costa 

 Rica, Mr. Bridges, M. Warscewicz, and a surveying party under Capt. 

 Kellett had made some collections in Veragua, the results of which 

 appeared in P. Z. S., 1850, p. 162, and 1856, p. 138. In 1859 

 Messrs. Sclater and Salvin published a list of the birds of Guatemala, 

 chiefly from work done by Salvin in that country from December, 1857, 

 to June, 1858. Geo. Cavendish Taylor collected in Honduras during 

 the winter of 1857-8, and published in the Ibis for January, i860, a 

 list of the birds taken. 



The pioneers of Costa Rican ornithology are undoubtedly Drs. A. 

 von Frantzius, Hoffmann, and Ellendorf, three Germans, who probably 

 began collecting there in 1858 or 1859. Their collections went to 

 the Berlin Museum (where they still are) and were identified and the 

 results published by Dr. Jean Cabanis in the Journal fur Ornithologie 

 for the years i860, 1861, and 1869. In this paper 150 species were 

 listed, 23 of which proved new to science, but of which four subse- 

 quently became synonyms. Unfortunately Dr. Hoffmann died in 

 Costa Rica, and Ellendorf returned to Germany, but Frantzius re- 

 mained, or returned later, continuing his collecting for some time, 

 being in San Jose as late as 1868 at least. Many of his later speci- 

 mens were received at the Smithsonian Institution, but unfortunately 

 the data attached to them, as well as to all of his material, are very 

 meagre and often misleading, for many specimens are labelled "San 

 Jose," which were undoubtedly not collected there. 



Early in 1864 three more energetic and more competent collectors 

 entered the Costa Rican field, namely Julian and F. Carmiol (father 

 and son) and Enrique Arce, a native of Guatemala and a collector 

 for Messrs. Sclater and Salvin. The collections of the Carmiols went 

 to Washington (Smithsonian Institution), and that of Arce to Eng- 

 land. Just what species Arce collected is not known, for no complete 

 list of his collection was ever published, merely the new species being 

 described by Mr. Salvin in the Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., for 1864, p. 

 579, which numbered seventeen, as follows: Catharus gracilirostris ; 

 Thryothorus atrogularis ; Thryothorus thoracicus ; Myiadestes melauops ; 

 Lanio leucothorax ; Chlorospingus pileatus ; Ember nagra superciliosa ; 

 Grallaria dives ; Myiobius capitalis ; Piprites griseiceps ; Carpodectes 

 nitidus ; Oreopyra hemileuca ; Oreopyra calolcema ; Chalybura melan- 

 orrJwa ; Selasphorus flammula ; Odontophorus melanotis. Arce's col- 

 lection was made at several points, a small lot of material being taken 



