Carriker : List of the Birds of Costa Rica. 593 



atus and scapularis, until in the northwestern and northeastern portions 

 (with a few exceptions) nearly all birds are very close to scapularis, 

 some being quite typical of that form. With such intergradation 

 present, it becomes impossible to recognize C. scapularis and lineatus 

 as distinct species, and accordingly scapularis becomes a subspecies of 

 lineatus, the latter being the one first described. 



This bird is not common on the Caribbean slope, there being 

 very few records for it from that region, neither is it found on the 

 plateau region. Its zone of greatest abundance is in the lowlands of 

 the Pacific, up to about 2,000 feet. I did not take it at all in 

 southeastern Costa Rica, nor do I recollect of ever having seen the 

 bird there, but did take it in the northeastern portion, so that it would 

 seem that the bird crosses from the Caribbean over to the Pacific at 

 the depression of land lying along the boundary between Costa Rica 

 and Nicaragua. 



330. Ceophloeus lineatus scapularis (Vigors). 



Picus scapularis Vigors, Zool. Jour., IV, 1829, 354 (San Bias, Mexico). 



Dryocopus scapularis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 130 (Costa Rica 

 [Frantzius] " Cabanis "). — Frantzius, Jour, fur Orn., 1869, 364 (Costa Rica). 



Ceophloeus scapularis Cabanis, Jour, fur Orn., 1862, 176 (Aguacate Mts. [Frant- 

 zius]). — Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 123 (La Candelaria). — 

 Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVIII, 1890, 510 (Costa Rica [Carmiol]). 

 — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1895, 450 (Mexico to 

 Costa Rica). — Bangs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 293 (Barranca de Puntarenas 

 [Underwood]). 



U. S. Nat. Museum : Guayabo (Ridgway and Zeledon), Bonilla 



(Basulto). 

 Bangs Collection : Bolson, Tenorio and Pozo Azul de Pirris (Under- 

 wood). 

 C. H. Lankester Collection : Miravalles. 



Carnegie Museum : Volcan de Turrialba, 2,000 feet, northern slope 

 (Carriker & Crawford) ; Boruca (Carriker). Two specimens. 

 In placing references to these tw r o races in Costa Rica it is impossible 

 to be certain about them without seeing the specimens themselves, for 

 the birds of both forms crop out in most unexpected places. For ex- 

 ample, I took a nearly typical specimen of lineatus at Guapiles, in north- 

 eastern Costa Rica, while one specimen from Boruca is just as nearly 

 typical of the northern race, scapularis. The birds no doubt inter- 

 breed in Costa Rica, and it is only perfectly natural that intermediate 



