612 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



lowlands, but few are ever seen in any locality. The birds are fond of 

 frequenting tangled jungle, where there are many vines, among which 

 they hop about searching for food. Nutting says that they have the 

 habits of the nuthatches, but I have never seen them climbing. 

 Apparently they do not associate much with other birds, going about 

 in pairs only, and keeping close together. Like most small arboreal 

 species they are quite tame and easily approached. I have never 

 heard them utter any kind of a call. 



347. Rhamphocaenus semitorquatus Lawrence. 



Rhamphoccenus semitorquatus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., VII, 1862, 469 (Pana- 

 ma [M* Leannan]); IX, 1868, 108 (Valsa [J. Carmiol]). — Boucard, P. Z S., 

 1878, 61 (San Carlos, very rare). — Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 

 1887, 115 (Rio Siicio). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 262 

 (no Costa Rican specimens). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr-Am., 

 Aves, II, 1892, 219 (Costa Rica to Colombia; Costa Rican references). 



U. S. Nat. Museum : San Carlos and Jimenez (Alfaro) (Cherrie). 

 Bangs Collection : La Vijagua and Carrillo (Underwood). 

 Fleming Collection : Carrillo and Cariblanco de Sarapiqui (Under- 

 wood). 

 Carnegie Museum : Guapiles and Guacimo (Carriker & Crawford) ; 

 Cuabre, Carrillo, El Hogar (Carriker). Fourteen skins. 

 This Rhamphoccenus is restricted entirely to the Caribbean lowlands 

 between sea-level and 1,500 feet. It is not abundant anywhere, but 

 is perhaps more numerous in the upper part of the Santa Clara Valley 

 and thence northwestward along the base of the foothills to -Lake 

 Nicaragua. I have seen it only in the heavy dark forest, where it 

 keeps near the ground among the low bushes and roots of the trees, 

 being usually seen in company with Myrmotherula fulviventris, 

 Myrmelastes exsul and Leucolepis lawreiicei. It is also inclined to 

 be rather noisy when disturbed, chirping for a few moments and then 

 skulking off among the undergrowth. 



348. Cercomacra tyrannina crepera (Bangs). 



Pyriglena tyrannina Sclater, P. Z. S., 1855, 90, 147, pi. 98 (Sante Fe de Bogota, 

 Colombia). 



Cercomacra tyrannina Sclater, P. Z. S., 1858, 245 (Bogota, Colombia); Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Mus., XV, 1890, 265, part (Tucurriqui [Arce]). — Lawrence, 

 Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 109 (Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — Frantzius, 

 Jour, fur Orn., 1869, 305 (Costa Rica). — Boucard, P. Z. S., 1878, 61 (San 



