682 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



and Tuis [J. Carmiol], Tucurriqui [Zeledon]). — Frantzius, Jour, fui Orn., 

 1869, 309 (Costa Rica). — Boucard, P. Z. S., 1878, 66 (San Carlos). — 

 Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 118 (Las Trojas, Pozo Azul de 

 Pirris, Tucurriqui, Pacuare). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 

 295, part (Angostura [Carmiol], Tucurriqui and Turrialba [Arce]). — Salvin 

 and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, II, 1890, 108, part (Costa Rican ref- 

 erences). — Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, 536 (Costa Rica; 

 descr. of female); Expl. Zool. en C. R., 1890-1, 1893, 35 (Lagarto, Boruca, 

 and Terraba). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 439 (Miravalles). 

 Pipra mentalis ignifera Bangs, Auk, XVITI, 1901, 363 (Divala, Chiriqui, 

 Panama; type in coll. E. A. and O. Bangs). — Hellmayr, Ibis, 1906, 15 

 and 3-5 (key ; monogr.) — Ridgway, Birds N. and Mid. Amer., IV, 1907, 

 747 (Panama and Costa Rica : Angostura, Tucurriqui, Turrialba, Tuis, Pozo 

 Azul de Pirris, Pozo del Pital, Boruca, Cuabre, Talamanca, Volcan de Mira- 

 valles). — Bangs, Auk, XXIV, 1907, 303 (Boruca, Paso Real, and El Pozo 

 de Terraba [Underwood]). 



Bangs Collection : Pozo Azul de Pirris ; Buenos Aires, and El General 



de Terraba (Underwood). 

 C. H. Lankester Collection : La Florida. 

 Carnegie Museum : Cuabre, Rio Sicsola, Boruca, El Pozo de Terraba, 



and Pozo Azul de Pirris (Carriker). Twenty-nine skins. 



There seems to be a slight difference between birds from the Carib- 

 bean lowlands and those from the Pacific. All specimens from the 

 Pacific lowlands have the thighs deep yellow as in birds from British 

 Honduras, the tail seems about the same length, but the scarlet of the 

 pileum is darker, being about the same shade as in birds from Tala- 

 manca (Caribbean side). The Talamancan birds have the thighs 

 paler yellow and the scarlet nuchal feather slightly longer (apparently) 

 than those from the Pacific. 



This handsome manakin is found over the lowlands of practically 

 the whole of Costa Rica, but is most abundant in Talamanca and in 

 the southwestern region. They are found only in the heavy forest, 

 and prefer damp places or the borders of creeks and streams. They 

 keep low down in the undergrowth or low limbs of the trees and are 

 usually seen in little bands of five to eight or ten. Like most of the 

 manakins they make a peculiar cracking sound with their bills (only 

 the males). 



432. Chiroprion linearis (Bonaparte). 



Native name " Toledo." 



Pipra linearis Bonaparte, P. Z. S., 1837, 113 (" Mexico"). 

 Chiroxiphia linearis Cabanis, Jour, fur Orn., 1861, 253 (Costa Rica [Hoffmann 

 and Frantzius]). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 116 (San Mateo 



