Carriker : List of the Birds of Costa Rica. 877 



have entirely supplanted S. magnoides medianus, from which it differs in 

 its habits in being much less gregarious, less noisy, and in being found 

 more frequently in the woodland. 



705. Saltator magnoides medianus Ridgway. 



Saltator magnoides (not of Lafresnaye) Cabanis, Jour, fur Orn., i860, 416, 

 (C. R. [Frantzius and Ellendorf]). — Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 

 102 (Turrialba [F. Carmiol], San Jose, and Angostura [J. Carmiol]). — Frant- 

 zius, Jour, fur Orn., 1869, 300 (C. R.). — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1878, 56 (San Jose and Cartago). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., 

 Aves, I, 1884, 327 (Turrialba and Bebedero [Arce], Irazu [Rogers], San Jose, 

 and Angostura [Carmiol]). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XI, 1886, 284 

 (Irazu [Rogers], Turrialba, Bebedero, and Nieoya [Arce]). — Cherrie, Auk, 

 IX, 1892, 27 (widely distributed through C. R., on both coasts and to an 

 elevation of 6,000 ft.). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 436 (Miravalles to Bebe- 

 dero). — Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887. 1 1 1 (Jimenez, Cartago, San 

 Jose, Naranjo de Cartago, Alajuela, and Trojas de Puntarenas). 



Saltator magnoides medianus Ridgway, Birds of North and Mid. Amer., I, 1901, 

 664 (Guatemala to Costa Rica). 



U. S. Nat. Museum: Bonilla (Basulto) (Ridgway), Volcan de Turrialba 



(Ridgway), Carrillo (Underwood). 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia: Aguacate Mountains and Monte Redondo 



(Underwood). 

 Bangs Collection: Los Cuadros de Irazu, Cariblanco de Sarapiqui, Car- 

 rillo (Underwood). 

 Carnegie Museum: El Hogar, Juan Vinas, Esparta, Guacimo, Carrillo, 



(Carriker), Guapiles (Carriker & Crawford), Carrillo, Tucurriqui, San 



Sebastian (Underwood). Sixteen specimens. 



"There is a great deal of variation, apparently individual, in the width 

 of the black pectoral crescent, and in the depth and extent of the olive 

 tinge on the crown. A bird from Carrillo (25861), August 24, 1905, is 

 in juvenal plumage. It is uniform dull olive-green above, below greenish- 

 w r hite, indistinctly clouded with dusky olive, the sides darker, the under 

 tail-coverts buffy-ochraceous; pectoral collar and sides of the throat dull 

 black, enclosing a small whitish spot; superciliary line yellowish-white; 

 mandible pale." (W. E. C. Todd.) 



This is the commonest species of Saltator in Costa Rica, found both on 

 the northern portion of the Pacific and over the whole of the Caribbean 

 lowlands, and up over the central plateau to an altitude of approximately 

 5,000 feet, although not common above 4,000 feet. It is usually to be 

 seen in small flocks, is very noisy and rather shy, frequenting shrubbery 



