Carriker : List of the Birds of Costa Rica. 881 



and Cervantes [J. Carmiol], San Jose [Frantzius], Rancho Redondo [F. Car- 

 miol], Cervantes [Cooper]). — Salvadori, Atti. R. Accad. Torino, IV, 1869, 

 177. pl- 5 (Costa Rica). — Frantzius, Jour, fur Orn., 1869, 300 (Turrialba). 

 — Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, 58 (Navarro and Volcan de Irazii). 

 — Zeledon, Cat. Aves de C. R., 1882, 8; An. Mas. Nac. de C. R., I, 1887, 

 in (Rancho Redondo, El Zarcero de Alajuela, Cartago, etc.). — Salvin and 

 Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, I, 1884, 335 (Cervantes [J. Cooper and 

 Carmiol], Tucurriqui and Rancho Redondo [Carmiol], San Jose and Tur- 

 rialba [Frantzius]). — Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, 53 (Irazii 

 district [Rogers], Rancho Redondo [F. Carmiol], Valsa [J. Carmiol]). — 

 Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, 495 (Irazii). — Ridgway, Birds 

 of North and Mid. Amer., I, 1901, 623 (highlands of Costa Rica: Cervantes, 

 Tucurriqui, San Jose, Rancho Redondo, Turrialba, Navarro, Irazii, etc., 

 and Veragua). 



U. S. Nat. Museum: Volcan de Turrialba, Coliblanco, and Bonilla (Ridg- 

 way & Zeledon), La Estrella, Irazu, and Tres Rios. 

 Bangs Collection: Azahar and La Estrella de Cartago (Underwood). 

 C. H. Lankester Collection: Cariblanco de Sarapiqui. 

 Carnegie Museum: Volcan de Irazu (Carriker), Azahar de Cartago 

 (Underwood). Five skins. 



This bird is found quite commonly on the southern exposure of the 

 Volcan de Irazu, less so on the slopes of the Volcan de Turrialba and 

 on the eastern watershed as low as 2,500 feet. It is probable that like many 

 other species it only descends to low altitudes in search of food, breeding 

 at from 5,000 or 6,000 feet above sea-level. It is not found in the thick 

 forests, preferring the edges of the woodland and isolated trees scattered 

 about in fields and pastures. It is a fine songster, its song resembling 

 that of Zamelodia and Guiraca. 



A single nest was found on April 18, 1902, containing two slightly in- 

 cubated eggs. The nest was rather bulky for a grosbeak, having a thick 

 foundation of twigs with the usual frail structure of rootlets on top. The 

 nest was placed in a small tree in a partially cleared spot. 



The eggs are pale blue, with scattering markings of purplish-lilac, over- 

 laid with dots and blotches of dull chestnut-brown, forming, together 

 with the lilac markings, a heavy wreath about the larger end. Measure- 

 ments: 30X21; 30x21.5 mm. 



712. Zamelodia ludoviciana (Linnaeus). 

 Loxia ludoviciana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, 306. 

 Hedymeles ludoviciana Cabanis, Jour, fiir Orn., 1861, 7 (Costa Rica [Frantzius]). 

 Hedymeles ludovicianus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. N. Y., IX, 1868, 102 (San Jose 

 [J. Carmiol], La Palma [Zeledon]).— Frantzius, Jour, fur Orn., 1869, 300 



