210 ORDER n. MAGNOLIACEjE. 



Genus XVI.— ZANTHORHI'ZA. Mar. 5—12. (Yellow-root.) 

 (From the Greek xantho.% yellow, and rliiza, a root) 



S spate 5. Petals 5, on pedicels. Stamens 5 — 10. Ovaries 

 5 — 10, with 2 — 3 ovules. Follicles small, mostly 1-seeded, 

 seed suspended. 



1. Z. apiifo'lia, (L'Her.) A shrub. Root large, yellow, nnd bitter. 

 Stem simple, smooth, and glabrous. Leaves triternate, crowded at the 

 summit of the stem, leaflets incised, under surface pubescent, petio'es 

 6 — ] inches long. Powers in racemes axillary and compound, minute, 

 of. n polygynous. — Dirk purple. *> . Ap. Upper distiicts of Car. 

 and Geo. 2 — 3 feet. 



The root of this plant is exceedingly bitter, nnd is used as a tonic. It is also used 

 in coloring yellow. It possesses decided properties, and we doubt not might be ap- 

 plied to useful purposes. 



Genus XVIL— HYDRASTIS. L. 12—12. 

 (From the Greek hudor, water, in allusion to its habit.) 



Leaves of the perianth 3, ovate, petaloid. Stamens and 

 ovaries numerous. Carpels berry-like, in a globose head ; 1, 

 and rarely 2-seeded. 



1. H. canadensis, (L.) Root yellow and bitter. Stem simple, 2- 

 leaved. Leaves alternate, cordate, palmate, acutely serrate; lower 

 leaf petioled, upper subsessile, glabrous. Flowers solitary, terminal. — 

 Rose-color. If. Mountains. April — May. 6 — 8 inches. 



Yellow Root. Orange Root. Turmeric Root. 



Order II.— MAGNOLIA'CEiE. Juss. (Magnolia, Family) 



Sepals 3 — 6, deciduous. Petals 3 — 30, hypogynous, in sev 

 eral rows ; aestivation imbricate. Stamens numerous, hypogy- 

 nous ; anthers adnate, introrse, bursting by a longitudinal slit ; 

 filaments short. Carpels few in a single row, or numerous in 

 several rows. Seeds anatropous, suspended, or ascending. Em- 

 bryo minute ; albumen fleshy. Leaves alternate, entire, coria- 

 ceous, with caducous stipules. Flowers generally large, and 

 fragrant. Trees and shrubs. 



Genus I— MAGNO'LIA. L. 12—12. 

 (In honor of Magnol, a French botanist.) 



Sepals 3, caducous, sometimes wanting. Petals 6 — 12, ca- 

 ducous. Carpels 2-valved, 1-seeded, imbricate in their arrange- 

 ment, forming an ovate strobile-like fruit. Seeds suspended. 

 Trees. 



J. M. grandiflo'ra, (L.) Leaves evergreen, oval, lanceolate, coria- 

 ceous, ferruginous underneath, 6 — 8 inches long, branches somewhat 

 whorled. Petals 9 — 12, obovate, abruptly unguiculate. Stamens nu 



