344 ORDER LXVI. RUBIACE.E. 



1. G. trif'idum, (L.) Stem procumbent, assurgent, much branched, 

 with the angles retrorsely aculeate. Leaves A — 6 in a whorl, linear, ob 

 tuse, scabrous on the margin and midrib. Flowers axillary, 1 — 3 in 

 each whorl. Fruit purple, smooth. — White. %. April — July. Damp 

 Boils. 



2. G. latifo'lium, (Mich.) Stem erect, glabrous. Leaves by fours, 

 narrowed at the base, flat, oval, with hispid margins, acute. Flowert 

 on divaricate peduncles. Fruit frequently 1-seeded from the abortion 

 of the other, smooth. — Purple. 11. June — July. Mountains. 



3. G. uniflo'rum, (Mich.) Stem procumbent, assurgent, smooth, spar 

 ingly branched. Leaves generally by fours, linear, acute, with revolute 

 margins, somewhat scabrous; peduncles usually solitary, with a whori 

 of small leaves in the middle. Fruit purple, smooth. — White. 2/.. 

 May — July. In rich shaded grounds. 12 inches. 



4. G. hispidu'lum, (Mich.) Stem procumbent, much branched, pu- 

 bescent, rough. Leaves by fours, lanceolate, scabrous, dotted. Flowers 

 axillary, terminal, on simple or compound peduncles. Corolla hairy. 

 Fruit purple, scabrous, with short rigid hairs. — White. IX. May — 

 Oct. Sandy soils. Common. 



5. G. pilo'sum, (Ait.) Stem scabrous, with the angles hairy, branch- 

 es axillary, expanding. Leaves by fours, oval, entire, ciliate, sprinkled 

 with hairs ; peduncles dichotomous, axillary, solitary or by threes. 

 Fruit hispid, white. — Purple. IX- May — Sept. In dry soils. 



6. G. cuspida'tum, (Muhl.) Stem prostrate, small, glabrous. Leaves 

 by sixes, attenuate at the base, very acute at the summit, somewhat 

 hairy, slightly ciliate ; peduncles trifid. Fruit villous, with white 

 hooked hairs. — White. IX. June — Aug. Damp shaded soils. 



G. tri/lorum, Mich. 



7. G. circ^e'zans, (Mich.) Stem erect, glabrous, sparingly branched. 

 Leaves by fours, ovate, obtuse, ciliate. Flowers alternate, usually soli- 

 tary, peduncles short. Fruit hispid, with hooked hairs, nodding.— 

 White. IX. June — Aug. In shaded rich soils. Wild Liquorice. 



Genus II.— RU'BIA. Tourn. 4—1. 

 (From ruber, red, from the dye obtained from its roots.) 



Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla campanulate, 4 — 5-cleft. Stamens 

 4 — 5. Berries 2, roundish and smooth, single-seeded. Nuttall. 



1. R. Brown'il Stem hispid, decumbent. Leaves by fours, oval, pe- 

 duncles solitary, single-flowered. Flowers yellow. Berries purple, 

 smooth. — In shady woods from Car. to Florida. Pursh. Madder. 



Sub-order II.— CINCHO'NEtE. 



Leaves opposite, with stipules between them. Ovary mostly 



inferior. 



Genus III.— SPERMACO'CE. Dill. 4—1. 



(From $perma, a 6eed, and akoke, a point, in allusion to the capsule being crowned 

 by the calyx points.) 



Calyx 4-leaved. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a 4-parted 

 limb. Capsules 2-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. 



