ORDER LXVIII. COMPOSITE. 371 



derneath ; upper leaves ovate, sparingly serrate. Flowers in expand- 

 ing, paniculate racemes; racemes secund, recurved; involucre with lin- 

 ear, lanceolate scales; ray florets small. — Yellow. If. Sept. — Oct. 

 Rich soils. Variable in its characters. 3 — *7 feet. 8. altissima, L. 



*7. S. as'pera, (Ait.) Stem erect, hairy, terete, slightly scabrous. 

 Leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, or somewhat elliptic, scabrous on the 

 upper surface, hairy beneath, serrate. Flowers in paniculate, recurved 

 racemes; involucre with linear-lanceolate scales; ray florets small. — 

 Yellow. 2f . Sept.— Oct. Middle Car. and Geo. 3—5 feet. 



S. altissima, L. 



8. S. Curtis'ii, (T. & G.) Stem virgate, simple, nearly glabrous, 

 leafy to the summit, striate, angled. Leaves long-lanceolate, mostly 

 glabrous, serrate, sessile, acuminate. Heads in dense axillary clusters; 

 involucre minutely pubescent ; exterior scales short; rays 4 — 6; disk 

 as many. Achenia minutely pubescent. — Yellow. Mountains of N. C. 

 3—5 feet. 



9. S. altis'sima, (L.) Stem erect, hispid, stout, much branched at the 

 summit. Leaves lanceolate, sessile, acute; lower ones deeply serrate, 

 very scabrous, rugose. Flowers in large, paniculate racemes ; racemes 

 recurved. Perhaps a variety of the rugosa. — Y T ellow. If. Aug. — 

 Sept. Common. 3 — 7 feet. 



10. S. villo'sa, (Pursh.) Stem erect, villous, with many recurved 

 branehes near the summit. Leaves sessile, the lower ones oblong-lan- 

 ceolate, serrulate, with a few hairs along the veins; the upper ones en- 

 tire, ovate-lanceolate, with several small leaves in the axils. Flowers 

 in a terminal panicle ; racemes recurved, secund : involucre with linear 

 scales; ray florets small. — Yellow. If. Sept.— Oct. Common. 3 — 

 5 feet. S. pilosa, "Walt. 



11. S. nemora'lis, (Ait.) Stem erect, tomentose, sparingly branched. 

 Leaves lanceolate, alternate at the base of the stem, slightly hispid, 

 with axillary clusters of smali leaves ; those of the root seiTate, some 

 what cuneate. Flowers in paniculate racemes, secund ; involucre with 

 linear-lanceolate scales, pubescent along the margins. — Yellow. 2f. 

 Sept. — Oct. In dry soils. Common. 2 — 3 feet. 



12. S. ulmifo'lia, (Mich.) Stem erect, villous when young, tomen 

 tose, striate, with numerous recurved branches. Cauline leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, senate, acute, scabrous on the upper surface, hairy beneath. 

 Flowers in paniculate racemes ; racemes secund and recurved ; involucre 

 with narrow, oblong scales; ray florets short. Seed pubescent. — Yel- 

 low. 2f. Sept. — Oct. In rich soils. S. J)rum?noiidii,T. & G. 



13. S. ver'na, (Rev. M. A. Curtis.) Stem erect, paniculate at the 

 summit, cinerous-pubescent. Lower leaves ovate or oval, finely ser- 

 rate, narrowed into winged petiole ; upper ones sessile, mostly entire, 

 few. Heads loosely racemose, many-flowered. — Yellow. N. C, near 

 Wilmington. 2—3 feet. 



14. S. argu'ta, (Ait.) Stem erect, glabrous, striate, with long virgate 

 branches. Radical leaves spatulate, acutely serrate, with a long, at- 

 tenuated base; cauline leaves elliptic, serrate; those of the branches 

 entire, 3-nerved. Floivers in long, paniculate racemes; involucre with 

 linear-lanceolate scales. — Yellow. If. Sept. Shaded soils. 



15. S. spitha'm^ea, (Rev. M. A. Curtis.) Stems growing in tufts, vil- 

 lous, pubescent, leafy. Leaves oval or oblong-lanceolate, ciliate, nearly 



