ORDER CXVII. CONIFERS. 515 



6. P. pun'gens, (Lam.) A middle-sized tree, irregularly branched. 

 Leaves by pairs, short, acute. Cones ovate, clustered, sessile. Spines 

 long, subulate, the lower reflexed. — *? . Mountains. 40 — 50 feet. 



6. P. t^e'da, (L.) A large tree, with a straight, tall trunk. Leaves 

 long, by threes, in long sheaths. Cones long, deflexed. Scales armed 

 with rigid spines. This is an abundant species, but affords very little 

 resin.— ^. April. 80 — 100 feet. 



7. P. palus'tris, (L.) A large tree. Leaves by threes, very long, 

 with the sheaths pinnatifid. Cones nearly cylindrical, 6 — 10 inches 

 long. Scales muricate. — ^ . April. Common in sandy soils. 80 — 100 

 feet. Long-leaved F'ine. 



8. P. stro'bus, (L.) A large tree. Leaves by fives, slender, in short 

 sheaths. Cones solitary, pendulous, long. Scales loose. — ^. April. 

 Mountains. 100 — 140 feet. White Fine. 



b. Leaves solitary, distinct at the base. Scales of the cone even, attenu- 

 ated, glabrous. 



9. P. balsa'mea, (L.) A small tree. Leaves solitary, emarginate, 

 flat, glaucous beneath, somewhat pectinate at the summit, nearly erect, 

 below recurved, spreading. Cone solitary, erect, cylindrical. Bracts 

 short, obovate, mucronate, somewhat serrulate, with the margins thin 

 and smooth. — ^. May. Mountains. 40 — 50 feet. 



Balsam Fir. Balm of Gilead. 



10. P. Canadensis, (L.) A large or small tree, with horizontal 

 branches. Leaves solitary, fiat, denticulate, in two rows. Cone small, 

 ovate, terminal, scarcely longer than the leaves. — *? . May. Mount- 

 ains. 30 — 100 feet. Hemlock. 



11. P. ni'gra, (Ait.) A large or small tree. Leaves solitary, very 

 numerous, 4-angled, scattered, erect, straight, dark green. Cones ovate, 

 1 — 2 inches long. Scales elliptical, imbricate, erosely denticulate at the 

 apex, undulate on the margins. — ^ . April. Mountain swamps. 30 — 

 100 feet. Black Spruce. 



12. P. al'ba, (Ait.) A small tree. Leaves solitary, 4-sided, less 

 crowded than the preceding species, incurved. Cones slender, nearly 

 cylindrical. Scales broad, ovate, entire. — T ? . May. Mountains, swamps. 

 30—40 feet. White Spruce. 



Genus II— JUNIP'ERUS. L. 20—15. 

 (Celtic, juniperus, rough.) 



Flowers dioecious. Sterile florets ; ament ovate. Calyx a 

 scale, verticillate, peltate. Anthers 4 — 8, 1-celled. Fertile 

 florets ; ament globose. Scales 3, concave. Stigma open. 

 Fruit a berry, with three long, 1-seeded nuts, surrounded with 

 the united and fleshy scales. 



1. J. Virginia'na, (L.) A middle-sized tree, with horizontal branches. 

 Upper leaves imbricated, in four rows, ovate-acute, very small, by 

 thieos. Flowers axillary. Fruit dry, 1 — 2-seeded, covered with a 

 blue powder. — ^ . May. Common. 20 — 60 feet. Red Cedar. 



