ABBREVIATIONS MOST COMMON IN BOTANY. 



© An annual plant 

 8 A biennial plant. 

 11 Perennial plant. 

 ^ Shrubs or trees. 

 & Staminate flowers. 

 ? Pistillate flowers. 

 C Flowers perfect. 

 °a An indefinite number. 

 $ — $ Flowers monoecious. 

 $ : ? Flowers dicecious. 

 $ — S — ? Flowers polygamous. 

 y/ This figure with a number in the an- 

 gle signifies the number of floral organs 

 in a whorl ; thus */ signifies that thero 



are 3 sepals, 3 petals, 3 stamens, and 3 

 carpels, or the flower is said to be tri- 

 meroua ; with 4, tetramerous ; with 5 

 penPtmerous, etc. 



? signifies doubt. 



! placed after a synonym signifies that the 

 author who uses it has seen the plaut al- 

 luded to. 



v. s. s., villi siccam spontaneam; the 

 author has seen a wild, dry specimen. 



v. s.c, vidi siccam cultam; the au- 

 thor has seen a cultivated dry specimen. 



v. v. 8., vidi vivam spontaneam; the 

 author has seen a living, wild specimen. 



The above are commonly used by writers on Botany, but only the 

 first four are used in this work. 



Besides the above, the names of authors are abbreviated, using the 

 initial letter or the first syllable. The following are the most common 

 used in this work : 



Adns.— Adanson. 

 Ait— Aiton. 

 Arn. — Arnot. 

 Aubl. — Aublet. 

 Bart. — Barton. 

 Beauv. — Beauvois. 

 Benth. — Bentham. 

 Brong. — Brongniart. 

 Cass. — Cas^ini. 

 Cav.— Cavanilles. 

 D. C— De Candolle. 

 De»f. — Desfontaines. 

 Dew. — Dewey. 

 Dill.— Dillenius. 

 Ehrh.— Ehrhart. 

 Ell.— Elliott. 

 Endl.— Endlicher. 



Gaert. — Gaertner. 

 Grew — Greville. 

 Gris. — Grisebach. 

 Gron. — Gronovius. 

 Hed.— lied wig. 

 Jacq. — Jacquin. 

 Juss. — Jussieu. 

 L.— Linnaeus. 

 Lam. — Lam ark. 

 L'Her. — L'Heritier. 

 Lindl. — Lin d ley. 

 Mich— Michaux. 

 Mill.— Miller. 

 Muhl. — Muhlenberg. 

 Nees. — Nees von Esenbeck. 

 Nutt— Nuttall. 

 Paw— Pavon. 



Pers.— Persoon. 

 Plum. — Plumier. 

 Poir. — Poiret. 

 Br. — Brown. 

 Raf.— Eafinesqne. 

 Rich.— Bichard. 

 Salis. — Salisbury. 

 Schreb. — Schreber. 

 Scop. — Scopoli. 

 Solan. — Solander. 

 Spreng. — Sprengel. 

 T. & G;— Torrey & Gray. 

 Tourn. — Tournefort. 

 Vaill.— Vaillant. 

 Vent. — Ventenat. 

 Walt.— Walter. 

 Willd.— Willdenow. 



