CHAPTER XXIII. 



Donkia glaciers — Moraines — Dome of ice — Honey-combed surface — Rocks of 

 Donkia — Metamorphic action of granite veins — Accident to instruments — 

 Sebolah pass — Bees and May-flies — View — Temperature — Pulses of party — 

 Lamas and travellers at Mom ay — Weather and climate — Dr. Campbell leaves 

 Dorjilingfjr Sikkim — Leave Momay — Yeumtong — Lachoong — Retardation of 

 vegetation at low elevations — Choongtam — Landslips and debacle — Meet Dr. 

 Campbell — Motives for his journey — Second visit to Lachen valley — Autum- 

 nal tints — Red currants — Lachen Phipun — Tungu — Scenery — Animals — 

 Poisonous rhododendrons — Fire-wood — Palung — Elevations — Sitong — 

 Kongra Lama — Tibetans — Enter Tibet — Desolate scenery — Plants — Ani- 

 mals — Geology — Cholamoo lakes — Antelopes — Return to Yeumtso — Dr. 

 Campbell lost — Extreme cold — Headaches — Tibetan Dingpun and guard — 

 Arms and accoutrements — Temperature of Yeumtso— Migratory birds — 

 Visit of Dingpun — Yeumtso lakes. 



On the 20th of September I ascended to the great Donkia 

 glaciers, east of Momay ; the valley is much longer than 

 that leading to the Kinchinjhow glacier, and at 16,000 

 or 17,000 feet elevation, containing four marshes or lakes, 

 alternating with as many transverse moraines that have 

 dammed the river. These moraines seem in some cases 

 to have been deposited where rocks in the bed of the 

 valley obstructed the downward progress of the ancient 

 glacier ; hence, when this latter finally retired, it rested at 

 these obstructions, and accumulated there great deposits, 

 which do not cross the valley, but project from each side 

 obliquely into it. The rocks in situ on the floor of the 

 valley are all moutonnecd and polished on the top, 

 sides, and face looking up the valley, but are rugged on 



