70. (ESTRELATA HYPOLEUCA, Solvit*. 



(BONIN ISLANDS FULMAR.) 



(Plate 58.) 



(Estrelata hypoleuca, Salvin, Ibis, 1888, p. 359 ; Seebohm, P .Z. S., 1889, p. 586 ; id., 

 Ibis, 1890, p. 105 ; id., Birds Japan. Emp., p. 269 (1890) ; Salvin, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Mus., XXV., p. 409 (1896); Rothschild, Avif. Laysan, pt. 1, 

 p. 49, PI. 30 (1893). 



Mstrelata hypoleuca, Stejn., Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI., p. 617 (1893). 



Minor : subtus pure alba : subalaribus schistaceo-nigris, centralibus tantum albis : 

 tectricibus inferioribus primariorum quoque schistaceis, minime albis : primariis 

 intus, basin versus, schistaceo-brunneis, haud albis. 



This is another of the smaller species of Fulmar, allied to CE. mollis and CE. brevipes, 

 but differing from the former in its smaller size, slenderer bill, and white axillaries, 

 as well as in the larger amount of white on the under wing-coverts ; in CE. 

 mollis the latter are entirely dark, as also are the longer axillaries, while in CE. hypoleuca 

 the under-surface is white, without any of the grey which is seen on the chest 

 of CE. mollis and CE. brevipes. From the latter CE. hypoleuca is distinguished by the 

 lesser amount of white on the under wing-coverts, and the ashy-grey colour of the 

 lower primary-coverts, these being pure white in CE. brevipes. 



It was first described by Salvin from a specimen in the British Museum, procured 

 by Mr. H. J. Snow in Krusenstern Island, in the Marshall group (Ibis, 1888, p. 359). 



CE. hypoleuca was afterwards met with by the late P. A. Hoist in the island of 

 Nakandoshima, one of the Parry group of the Bonin Islands, and has since been 

 recorded by Dr. Stejneger from the Province of Mino, in the island of Hondo (Pr. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., XVI., p. 617). In the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild there are 

 some specimens from the Liu Kiu Islands. 



According to Mr. Walter K. Fisher, CE. hypoleuca breeds in the island of 

 Laysan, and may be found nesting in burrows throughout the area covered 

 with tall grass and deep sand, as far as the edge of the open plain, where the 

 nests are replaced by those of Puffinus cuneatus, which form a smaller ring within 



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