74. (ESTRELATA EXTERNA, Salvin. 



(JUAN FERNANDEZ FULMAR.) 



(Plate 62.) 



(Estrelata externa, Salvin, Ibis, 1875, p. 373 ; id., Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXV., p. 411. 

 Mstrelata externa, Ridgw., Man. N. Amer. Birds, p. 68 (1887). 



Major : ala 11.5 polL : primariis intus, basin versus, conspicue albis : subalaribus et 

 axillaribus albis : margine alari quo que alba, vix nigro maculata. 



(E. externa is a larger species than (E. hypoleuca and its allies, and shows much more 

 white on the under-surface of the quills. Its nearest ally is undoubtedly (E. cervicalis, 

 which, though of the same size, differs in several particulars, as will be noticed in my 

 article on that species. 



Although more than thirty years have elapsed since Salvin described the bird, I 

 am not aware of any other specimens having been procured. The types, consisting of 

 an adult bird and a full-grown nestling, were obtained by Mr. Leybold on the island 

 of Masafuera, in the Juan Fernandez group. Nothing has been recorded of its 

 habits. 



Adult. General colour above ashy-grey, the feathers being blackish, with broad 

 ashy-grey margins, all the feathers having white bases, which are most distinct on the 

 hind-neck and upper mantle, with dusky tips ; wing-coverts black, the greater series 

 externally grey, except at the base, which is white ; primaries black, the inner ones 

 dark slaty-grey, with black shafts and tips, all the quills white for the greater part of 

 the inner web ; secondaries slaty-grey, white for the greater part of the inner web, and 

 narrowly fringed with hoary-white like the greater coverts ; innermost secondaries dark 

 brown like the scapulars ; rump and central upper tail-coverts black, the lateral ones 

 white with broad tips of brown or ashy-brown, the longer upper tail-coverts slaty-grey 

 with concealed white bases ; tail-feathers slaty-grey, the inner webs browner, and also 

 the tips, the outer feathers white at the base of the inner web, more extended on the 

 outermost feathers, which are also slightly freckled with grey ; crown of head blackish, 

 tinged with grey ; forehead and lores white, with a few blackish spots adjoining the 

 crown ; sides of face white, with a few black spots and streaks ; upper and lower eyelid 



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