88. PAGODROMA NIVEA (Gm). 



(SNOWY PETREL.) 



(Plate 73.) 



Snowy Petrel, Forster, Voy. L, p. 96 (1777) ; Lath., Gen. Syn., III., pt. 2, p. 408 (1785). 



Le Petrel blanc ou de neige, Buff., Hist. Nat. Ois., X., p. 153 (1786). 



Procellaria nivea, Gm., Syst. Nat., I., p. 562 (1788) ; Lath., Index Orn., II., p. 825 

 (1790) ; Kuhl, Beitr., p. 145 (1820) ; Peale, U. S. Expl. Exped. Birds, p. 245, 

 PI. 81 (1848). 



Daption niveum, Steph., in Shaw's Gen. Zool., XIII., pt. 81, p. 243 (1826). 



Pagodroma nivea, a. major, Bp., Consp., II., p. 192. 



Pagodroma nivea, b. minor, Bp., Consp., II., p. 192. 



Pagodroma ncevia, Bp., Comptes Rend., XLIL, p. 768 (1856). 



Pagodroma nivea, Coues, Pr. Acad. Philad., 1866, pp. 160, 171 ; Sharpe, Voy. 

 " Erebus" and "Terror," I., Birds, App., p. 37, PI. 34 (1875) ; Salvin, P. Z. S., 

 1878, p. 737 ; id., Voy. " Challenger," Zool., II., pt. 8, p. 144 (1881) ; id., 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXV., p. 419 (1896) ; Sharpe, Rep. Voy. " Southern 

 Cross," p. 148 (1902) ; Eagle Clarke, Ibis, 1906, p. 170, PI. III., fig. 1, PI. XL, 

 fig. 1, id., 1907, p. 336 ; Wilson, Nat. Antarct. Exped., Zool., p. 88 (1907) ; 

 Reichenow, Deutsche Siidpolar Exped., Bd., IX., Zool., I., p. 557 (1907). 



Pagodroma nivea minor, Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, VI., Procell., p. 16 (1863) ; Pagenst., 

 J. B. Wiss, Anst. Hamburg, II., p, 21 (1885) ; Steinen, Intern. Polarf. 

 Deutsche Exped., II., p. 278 (1890). 



Fulmarus niveus, Gray, Handl. Birds, III., p. 107 (1871). 



Pagodroma novcegeorgica, Steinen, Intern. Polarf. Deutsche Exped., II., p. 250 (1890). 



Nivea : statura variabili insignis. 



The Snowy Fulmar, or Ice Petrel, is most frequently seen within the limit of the 

 Antarctic Ice Belt, and has a more southern distribution than any other bird, with 

 the exception of the Emperor Penguin. During the southern winter it migrates north- 

 wards, in order to obtain food in the open leads of water, but it is rarely seen at any 

 distance from the Ice Belt. Professor Reichenow has recently given a summary of 



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