91. MACRONECTES GIGANTEUS (Gm.), 



(GIANT FULMAR.) 

 (Plate 76.) 



Quebrantahuessos, Bougainville, Voy., p. 68 (1771) ; Forster, Voy., II., p. 517 ; 



Pernety, Voy. Isl. Malouines (Engl. TransL), p. 214, PI. XV., fig. 12 (1777). 

 Osprey Petrel, Forster, Observ., p. 202 (1778). 



Le tres-grand Petrel, ou Quebranta Huessos, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois., X., p. 157 (1786). 

 Mouton, Pernety, Voy., L, p. 15, PL 8, fig. 3. 

 Giant Petrel, Latham, Gen. Syn., III., pt. 2, p. 396, PI. 100 (1785) ; Hanson, Rep. 



" Southern Cross," pp. 82-91 (1902). 

 Procellaria gigantea, Gm. Syst. Nat., I., p. 563 (1788) ; Kuhl, Beitr., p. 140 (1820). 

 Fulmarus giganteus, Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool., XIII. , p. 237 (1826). 

 Procellaria ossifraga, Forster, Descr. Anim., p. 343 (1844). 

 Ossifraga gigantea, Jacq. et Pucher., Voy. Pole Sud, Zool., III., p. 148 (1853) ; Coues, 



Pr. Acad. Philad., 1866, p. 32 ; Giglioli, Faun. Vertebr. Oeeano, p. 48 (1870) ; 



Buller, Birds New Zeal., p. 297 (1873) ; Sharpe, Phil. Trans., Vol. 168, p. 142 



(1879) ; Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Water-Birds N. Amer., II., p. 363 



(1884) ; Buller, Birds New Zeal., 2nd ed., II., p. 225 (1888) ; Sharpe, Rep. 



" Southern Cross," Aves, p. 153 (1902) ; Wilson, Nation. Antarctic Exped., 



II., Birds, p. 93 (1907). 

 Macronectes giganteus, Richmond, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XVIIL, p. 76 (1906) ; 



Reichenow, Deutsche Siidpol. Exped., IX., Zool., L, p. 551 (1908). 

 Macronectes gigantea, Menegaux, Exped. Antarct. Francaise, Ois., p. 59 (1907). 



This bird is figured in the Plate as Ossifraga gigantea, but we have here adopted the 

 name Macronectes giganteus, as Mr. Richmond has recently shown that the former is 

 antedated by Ossifraga of N. Wood in 1835. 



It is remarkable that, as in the case of the common Fulmar of the north, its great 

 southern representative has occasionally, but very rarely, a pure white phase of 

 plumage, many of the nearly white birds having a sprinkling of dark feathers. Mr. Hall 

 found young birds with shining black plumage emerging from the grey down, a fact 

 which he believes to have been hitherto unobserved (Ibis, 1900, p. 27). There is, 



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