MONOGRAPH OF THE PETRELS. 



Howard Saunders states that F. glacialis began to nest on Foula in the Shetlands 

 in June, 1878, and that it has now spread to Papa Stour, Esha Ness, and two places 

 in Unst, while in the summer of 1898 it had reached the Noup of Noss {Man. Brit. 

 Birds, 2nd ed., p. 751). The discovery has been made during the last few years that 

 the Fulmar is extending its breeding range, especially in some parts of Scotland. 

 A very good summary of the recent records is given by Messrs. H. F. Witherby and 

 N. F. Ticehurst in the magazine " British Birds " (Vol. II., pp. 373-375). The bird 

 is now known to nest on the Flannan Islands, Barra, the Orkney Islands, Fair Isle, 

 and on the coasts of Sutherlandshire and Caithness. Professor Newton, who mentions 

 four or five breeding stations in Iceland, says that F. glacialis was also very common 

 in Spitsbergen, where it was breeding on the Alkenhorn (Ibis, 1865, p. 511). Possibly 

 the birds winter in this locality, as Mr. Arnold Pike, who stayed at Danes Gat, near 

 Amsterdam Island, from 1888 to 1889, observed one on February 20th. 



Dr. Malmgren found thousands breeding on the north side of Brandywein Bay, 

 as well as on Bear Island, and other nesting localities recorded are Eckman Bay, in 

 Spitsbergen (Trevor-Battye, Ibis, 1897, p. 595), Whale's Point and Deevie Bay, 

 Ryk-ys, and King Charles' Islands, in July. In Olga Straits, though not uncommon, 

 it did not appear to breed (A. Walter, J. f. O., 1890, p. 246). 



Dr. Nansen and Mr. Johansen on their adventurous journey across the ice, 

 observed F. glacialis on May 29th, 1895, in Lat. 82° 30' N., and again on June 16th, 

 when approaching Franz Josef Land from the north-east ; also early in August 

 on the Isles of Hvidten Land, and on Frederick Jackson Island, in the month of 

 September. On June 3rd, 1876, Nansen found it breeding at Cape Fisher. Dr. Neale, 

 who accompanied the voyage of the " Eira," considered this Fulmar to be migratory 

 in Franz Josef Land, as it remained at Cape Flora as late as October 28th, 1881, and 

 returned the following spring on April 24th. Dr. W. S. Bruce, on the Jackson- 

 Harmsworth Expedition, says that the last " Molly," as this bird was called, was seen 

 by Mr. Wilson on October 6th, 1896, and not again till April 7th, 1897. These birds 

 were breeding abundantly at the east end of Mabel Island, on the basaltic crags on 

 May 5th, and both Dr. Bruce and Dr. Koetlitz saw others at Cape Forbes, which 

 probably bred there. In 1895 the Fulmars arrived April 21st, and left again 

 on September 18th. 



In the neighbourhood of Novaya Zemlya, Lutke Land, and Goose Land, Mr. H. 

 J. Pearson saw this Fulmar on July 2nd, 1895 (Ibis, 1896, p. 225 ; 1898, pp. 204, 207). 

 In Russian Lapland he found it at Sviatonoskaia Bay on the side of Sviatoi Nos (Ibis, 

 1896, p. 213), and in the Kara Sea Mr. H. L. Popham records the species from 

 Lat. 74° 8' N, Long. 77° 40' E. 



During the voyage of the " Fox " F. glacialis was observed by Dr. David Walker 

 near Cape Farewell, and it continued with the ship to the northern limits of the 

 Expedition (Ibis, 1860, p. 165). 



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