Insects. 849 



which it penetrated hy degrees, till the point of its body touched the surface of the 

 gall. After this operation it elevated and depressed its ovipositor, as if to seek the 

 cell of the larva, or the larva itself, that it might place its eggs beside it. It made 

 three holes in the gall, in three different places, and having finished them, it flew 

 away. If. E. Perris, in the ' Aunales de la Societe Entomologique,' ix. 89, has de- 

 scribed the habits of two species of Calliraome. To the first he gives the name of 

 Cynips Papaveris, and to the Cynips, which it infests, that of Diplolepis Papaveris. 

 This latter insect inhabits galls on Papaver dubium, Linn., and is also attacked by 

 Ormyrus tubulosus, another species of the Chalcidites. Before the genus Ormyrus 

 was described by that name, it had received the appellation of Cyrtosoma in Curtis's 

 ' Guide to an Arrangement of British Insects.' It then acquired the name of Sipho- 

 mtra in Germany, and that of Periglyphus in Sweden, and now, in France, Perris, 

 not aware that it had been before noticed, has described Ormyrus tubulosus by the 

 name of Cyrtosoma Papaveris. Having been reared from galls attached to the 

 trunks of oak-trees, it probably infests more than one species of insect. Ormyrus 

 punctiger has also been reared from oak-galls, but is found within the arctic circle far 

 above the oak region. This genus connects the Torymidae with the Eucharidae. The 

 name Cyrtosoma is characteristic of its shape, Periglyphus of its sculpture, and Si- 

 phonura of the structure of the abdomen in the female. The other species of Calli- 

 raome is described by Perris as Cynips Urticae ; it is parasitic on Cecidomyia Urticae, 

 Perris ; a fly that forms galls on Urtica dioica, Linn. This Cecidomyia is also the 

 prey of Eulophus criuicornis, Perris, and a species of Tetrastichus, perhaps T. Prosymna, 

 but his description of this insect, of the two species of Calliraome, and of Eulophus 

 Ulicis, are not sufficiently minute to enable me to identify them. This Eulophus 

 destroys Apion Ulicicola, Perris, a beetle that forms galls on the Ulex nanus. The 

 eggs are hatched in these galls, and the latter serve to nourish the larva, which live 

 through the winter ; in the spring they change into pupae, and the beetle appears in 

 May or June. When the grub is about half-grown, the Eulophus deposits five or 

 six eggs in the cell wherein it is enclosed, and it becomes the prey of the larvae 

 that are hatched from these eggs. The pupa, like the larva of the Eulophus, is white, 

 and is enclosed in a dry metallic-black membrane. The metamorphose of some pupa? 

 occurs in June or July; others do not change till the end of the following spring, so 

 that the life of the insect, from the egg-state to the beetle-state, is twenty-one months 

 in duration. In the beginning of July, I reared from a large oak-gall, above one 

 inch in diameter, twenty specimens of Teras terminalis, Hartig. (Diplolepis Quercus- 

 terminalis, Fab). About a month afterwards, the same gall produced a male and a 

 female of Megastigrnus dorsalis, the parasite of the above-mentioned Cynips, which 

 is also infested by a species of Callimome. There are several other species of Chal- 

 cidites that destroy the Cynipites ; thus, Monodontomerus stigma and Callimome 

 bedeguaris have been reared from the galls of the dog-rose, Callimome Roboris, from 

 the galls formed by Cynips aptera, Eurytoma Abrotani from the galls of the bramble, 

 Decatoma biguttata and D. obscura, from oak-galls. Teras tenninalis is also infested 

 by Decatoma biguttata (Eurytoma signata, Nees). This last insect likewise destroys 

 Neuroterus petiolatus, Kaltenbach, which is attacked by two other species of Cynipites, 

 Synergus rufiventris, K. and Synergus parvus, K., and two Pteromalidae ; one of them 

 is Mesopolobus fasciiventris (Pteromalus fasciculatus, Forster). Cynips Quercus- 

 gemmae is another victim of Decatoma biguttata. Andricus scutellaris, K., forms 

 galls on Acer platanoides, and is infested by Mesopolobus fasciiventris, and by a spe- 



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