Entomological Botany. 5197 



as feeding on the hawthorn, will not the inference be strong that the 

 one Tortrix might be multiplied in a similar proportion. 



In going through the Tineina systematically we find that the very 

 first species, Exapate gelatella, is, according to the observations of 

 Madame Lienig, a hawthorn-feeder. The next hawthorn-feeders we 

 come to are the two Swammerdamiae caesiella, and Pyrella. Both 

 are lively larvae, feeding in webs on the surface of the leaves. Scy- 

 thropia Crataegella is on several accounts an interesting species, of 

 which it was only during the last month that I made the personal 

 acquaintance in the larva and pupa states. The larva is gregarious ; 

 that is, where you find one you will generally find a hundred at least. 

 They make slight webs along the branches of the bush on which they 

 reside; and the bush, from the number of brown, half-eaten leaves, 

 has a blighted appearance. The larvae are very sluggish, and cannot 

 easily be made to run; thus they differ very greatly from the larvae of 

 the genus Swammerdamia. The pupa is suspended loosely in the 

 common web, and, as is frequently the case with unenclosed pupae, is 

 angulated almost as conspicuously as the pupa of Bedellia. The 

 next genus, Hyponomeuta, also furnishes one hawthorn-eating larva, 

 that of Padellus. Of this the pupa, as is well known, is enclosed in 

 a cocoon, and is rounded. The larva of Phibalocera Quercana is so 

 polyphagous that I have no doubt it feeds readily on hawthorn. It is 

 found in June, generally on the under side of the leaf, beneath a slight 

 web. No Depressaria feeds on hawthorn. Of the Gelechiae, vulgella 

 feeds between united leaves in April ; leucatella at the end of May 

 and beginning of June; but up to the present time we are not aware 

 of any other species of the genus that attacks the hawthorn, though it 

 is not improbable that the apple-feeding Rhombella and pear-feeding 

 Nanella may also pay their respects to the hawthorn. 



When a hawthorn hedge is trimmed the hedger generally gives the 

 branches a few snicks before he succeeds in cutting off the part he 

 wishes to remove. These neatly-made clefts in the branches are 

 treasure-trove to the female Dasycera sulphurella: she deposits her 

 eggs in them ; and the larvae, when hatched, find themselves in a 

 species of paradise ; the walls of their chink in just that incipient 

 stage of decay that the epicure likes for his venison. Man is not the 

 only animal that likes the process of putrefaction commenced in his 

 food before transferring it to his stomach, and so the larva of D. sul- 

 phurella feasts greedily on the rotting wood of the hawthorn. It is 

 probable that several of the (Ecophora larvae are willing to partici- 



