Entomological Botany. 5239 



under side of the leaf, eating the leaf half through : it now eats the 

 epidermis ; whether this merely implies that its digestive organs are 

 stronger, or whether there is some chemical difference between the 

 parenchyma and epidermis of a hawthorn-leaf, and whether the change 

 that has taken place in the habits of the larva renders this change in 

 its food necessary, I do not propose to discuss, but it would form 

 an interesting chapter for some future Professor Johnstone to intro- 

 duce into ' The Chemistry of the Common Life of a Bucculatrix 

 larva.' 



The genus Nepticula is well represented among the hawthorn- 

 feeders : a green larva, a yellow larva and a yellowzsA larva are already 

 known and distinguished by us, producing respectively Oxycanthella, 

 Pygmaeella and Ignobilella; and one or two other larvae, not yet 

 sufficiently learned, such as Gratiosella and Regiella. Of the last- 

 named species I have a single specimen, taken at Dartford Heath, on 

 the fence, in June, 1852. 



Pyrus communis. Pear. 

 Pyrus Malus. Apple. 



Speyer enumerates certain species as feeding both on apple and 

 pear, then others which feed only on pear, and some which feed only 

 on apple. 



The species he gives as common to both plants are Papilio 

 Podalirius, Aporia Crataegi, Vanessa Polychloros (can any one 

 confirm the fact of this feeding on fruit trees ? Mr. Foxcroft says he 

 finds the larva on elder, but these he reputes to produce a distinct 

 species), Smerinthus ocellatus, Zeuzera JSsculi, Diloba caeruleo- 

 cephala, Psilura monacha, Hypogymna dispar, Porthesia auriflua and 

 P. chrysorrhoea, Gastropacha quercifolia, Clisiocampa neustria, Acro- 

 nycta tridens and A. psi, Mamestra pisi, Orthosia stabilis and O. in- 

 stabilis, Rumia crataegata, Ennomos alniaria, Alcis rhomboidaria, 

 Amphidasis pomonaria, Hibernia defoliaria, Cheimatobia brumata, 

 Nola cucullatella, Peronea Abilgaardana, Penthina variegana, Carpo- 

 capsa pomonella, Exapate gelatella, Cerostoma asperella and Swam- 

 merdamia Pyrella. 



It will be observed that all the above, excepting the far-famed 

 Podalirius and Nyssia pomonaria are known as British species ; 

 N. pomonaria is a species far more likely to occur here than P. Poda- 

 lirius. 



Speyer cites as feeding on pear (and not on apple), Gastropacha 

 Pruni, Eriogaster everia, Cosmia pyralina, Dasycampa rubiginea, 



