85 1 2 Quadrupeds. 



species, as represented, consists in the great skin-fold at the setting on 

 of the head of R. indie us, which is at most but indicated in R. son- 

 daicus. In skulls of adults, however those of both species may vary 

 in width, and especially in breadth anterior to the orbits, the following 

 distinctions are trenchant: — Length of skull, from middle of occiput 

 to tip of united nasals, measured by callipers, in R. indicus 2 ft. (half 

 an inch more or less) ; in R. sondaicus, If ft. at most. Height of 

 condyle of lower jaw, in R. indicus 1 ft., or even a trifle more; in 

 R. sondaicus 9 in. Breadth of bony interspace between the tusks of 

 the lower jaw, in R. indicus \\ in. to If in. ; in R. sondaicus J in. to 

 1 in. These measurements are taken from exceedingly fine examples 

 of both species. 



Sir T. Stamford Raffles asserts, of R. sumatranus, that (< the female 

 has a larger and heavier head than the male, but is similar in other 

 respects." (!) This decidedly does not apply to the two-horned 

 species inhabiting Burma, nor even to Bell's figures of Sumatran 

 individuals ! Raffles further remarks that, " Dr. Bell's description 

 and representation of this animal are extremely correct. The skin of 

 the Sumatran rhinoceros," he adds, " is much softer and more flexible 

 than that of the Indian one, and is not, like it, corrugated into plates 

 of mail. It has, however, some doublings or folds, particularly about 

 the neck, shoulders and haunches, rather more distinct' and defined 

 than in Dr. Bell's drawing. The natives assert that a third horn is 

 sometimes met w T ith, and in one of the young specimens procured an 

 indication of the kind was observed." In Mr. C. J. Andersson's * Lake 

 Ngami' the same is remarked of one or more of the ordinarily two- 

 horned rhinoceroses of Africa. This traveller writes, " I have met with 

 two persons who told me that they had killed rhinoceroses with three 

 horns ; but in all such cases, and they have been but few, the third or 

 hindmost horn is so small as to be scarcely perceptible." This seems 

 a not unlikely character to have been developed more frequently in the 

 great fossil R. tichorhinus of North Europe and Asia. 



Bell further mentions, of R. sumatranus, that " The whole skin of 

 the animal is rough, and covered very thinly with short black hair." 

 The latter is conspicuously represented in F. Cuvier's portrait of the 

 species in the ' Planches des Mam in i feres,' less so in Bell's figure in 

 the ' Philosophical Transactions,' and in that by Dr. Salomon Miiller, 

 and it is well shown about the jowl and base of the lower jaw of our 

 stuffed skin of the head of an adult female. In Dr. S. Mliller's 

 figure of what he styles an adult male, but the horns of which are 



