130 THE ^OOLOGiST. 



included the results of many excursions on foot in quest of birds 

 throughout a wider district, which may be roughly described as 

 embracing the northern half of Cardiganshire, Merionethshire 

 as far as Barmouth and Dolgelley, Radnorshire west of the Wye, 

 and those parts of the counties of Brecknock and Carmarthen 

 which border on Cardiganshire. I have but little information as 

 to the southern half of the last-named county. 



In compiling the following list, I have received much assist- 

 ance and information from Capt. G-. W. Cosens, of Llanbadarn ; 

 Mr. F. T. Fielden, of Borth ; Mr. W. B. Powell, of Nanteos ; and 

 Sir Pryse Pryse, Bart., of Gogerddan; and I have in addition to 

 thank these gentlemen for permission to inspect their collections 

 of local birds. 



By inserting the mere names of species which do not call for 

 remark, I have aimed at presenting a preliminary list of the 

 birds of Cardiganshire. Other names will doubtless be added. 

 The Twite will no doubt be found upon the moors as the result of 

 more careful search, and the White Wagtail will probably be de- 

 tected amongst the spring arrivals of the pied species. Thus the 

 present list is merely tentative. 



As has been already pointed out, the available information as 

 to the distribution of several of the summer migrants in Wales 

 has hitherto been of the most meagre description. The Redstart 

 and the Garden Warbler may be quoted as examples. Of the 

 former, Mr. Howard Saunders says, in his invaluable * Manual,' 

 "In Wales it is common as far as Breconshire "; and of the 

 Garden Warbler, " Not known to breed in Wales beyond Pem- 

 brokeshire and Breconshire." As a matter of fact the range of 

 the Redstart extends much further west than is here stated, while 

 the Garden Warbler, as Mr. Mathew has shown, is extremely rare 

 in Pembrokeshire, being, like the Redstart, excluded from the 

 greater part of that county by the barrier of the Precelly Hills. 

 Both are common in Cardiganshire in suitable localities, but 

 this condition is always necessary. In a country which is in 

 general so bare, it is impossible that Warblers of any kind 

 should be so numerous as in Southern and Eastern England. In 

 North Cardiganshire dykes of earth largely take the place of 

 hedges. Wood occurs chiefly in the form of larch-plantations or 

 oak-scrub, which on shallow soil and exposed to westerly winds 

 never grows into timber. Sheets of fresh water, with the ex- 





