Birds. 4163 



Alauda cristata, A. arvensis, A. arborea. 



*Melanocorypha calandra, Gould, B. E. pi. 162. 



All these species of larks are very common in the markets. I have 

 seen the M. calandra in Sicily. 



Parus major, P. caeruleus, P. palustris, P. caudatus. All common. 

 The Parus major is a common cage-bird in Italy. 



Emberiza miliaria, E. cirlus, E. citrinella, E. cia, Gould, B. E. pi. 

 179. The E. miliaria is sold with the larks. The E. cirlus and 

 citrinella seem equally common. Of the E. cia, specimens are not 

 unfrequent. 



* Passer Italiae (VieilL), Gould, B. E. The only sparrow I have 

 seen in Italy, though at Milan I was told that the P. domesticus, 

 which they called the Passera Fiancese, was sometimes to be met 

 with in winter. It precisely resembles its North European congener 

 in habits and manners. 



*Petronia stulta (Stride), Gould, pi. 186. Tolerably common. 



Carduelis elegans. 



*Serinus brumalis, Gould, pi. 195. 



Linaria linota. 



These three species are to be seen often, both dead and alive, for 

 sale. 



Coccothraustes europaeus. 



Chlorospiza chloris. 



Pyrrhula ruticilla. 



Sturnus vulgaris. 



Garrulus glandarius. 



Pica caudata. 



Corvus monedula, C. frugilegus, C. comix. 



Gecinus viridis. 



Picus major. 



Yunx torquilla. My specimen appears to have a different tint and 

 smaller bill than the ordinary Yunx. It is probably a bird of 

 the year. The Yunx disappears from Rome in the summer, they tell 

 me. In the month of January it was constantly to be seen suspended 

 among other small birds brought in from the campagna. 



Columba livia, C. aenas. 

 • Caccabis rufa. 



Perdix cinerea. 



Phasianus torquatus. I only recollect seeing a pheasant exposed 

 for sale once, and not a great many partridges. There appeared 

 always a greater demand for the smaller species of birds. 



