Notices of New Books. 4383 



imbedded in the back walls of the chasm was greater than that of the 

 stems of any of the bushes now growing in the neighbouring ravines. 

 It is to be recollected, however, that a short way up Buckland River 

 groves of spruce-fir are to be met with. A rivulet separates this hill 

 from Elephant Point, and Dr. Goodridge found some of its slopes to 

 be formed of semi-fluid mud, over which a man could not pass. On 

 the second hill or cliff the depth of soil varied with the unevenness of 

 the ice on which it rested, from twenty feet to less than four, the soil 

 being everywhere dry. On dipping in one spot to the latter depth 

 the surface of the ice was found to incline upwards in the direction of 

 the hill, and the soil thrown out by the spade was so pulverulent that 

 it was readily blown away by the wind. The third hill, which pro- 

 jected more boldly than the others, contained, as far as it was explored, 

 neither fossils nor ice, but seemed to be entirely composed of thick 

 beds of peat, logs of wood, sticks, and vegetable matter, lying gene- 

 rally, but not regularly, in a horizontal position, resting on dry clay, 

 and a bed of river-gravel two feet thick. The fourth hill presented a 

 higher and more extensive ice-cliff than any of the others, the ice 

 having melted further back towards the centre of the hill, and forming 

 an even wall upwards of eighty feet in height. The fifth cliff or 

 marked projection, in proceeding to the eastward, appeared to have 

 sunk bodily from the hill forming its back-ground, but had left behind 

 it a few icy pillars and detached walls standing twenty feet above the 

 surrounding level surface, and still covered with from seven to ten feet 

 of soil. Water was flowing copiously from these walls of ice, and 

 they w r ere transparent, without admixture of earth, while the soil 

 which capped them was dry and friable. In the slope of this ruined 

 cliff most of the fossils obtained on this occasion were found, a few 

 small fragments only having been gathered from the soft mud at its 

 foot. Some were collected from the surface of the slope, others were 

 dug out at places where the tips of the tusks protruded through the 

 soil. 



"A deep valley, through which a stream of water flows, divides the 

 sixth hill from the preceding one. Portions of this hill had subsided 

 from the melting of the icy foundation ; but in one part a solitary 

 block of ice, about twenty feet square, rose above the surface, retain- 

 ing a thin la} T er of soil on its summit. From the vicinity of this block 

 the hill rose abruptly on all sides ; its declivity descended without 

 break to the beach, and its soil, except in the section that had sunk, 

 did not appear to have been ever disturbed. The beach at this place 

 was not composed of muddy detritus, like that which skirted the 



