174 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



Corvus monedula. Kaiserstuhl, Freiburg. — C. corone. In 

 Baden the Crow has modified its nesting habits, perhaps for 

 greater security, and often builds in the centre of the densest 

 woods, instead of in its usual conspicuous look-out positions. 



C. comix. A winter visitor, remaining pretty late sometimes. 

 A propos of the Siberian hybrids of this and the preceding 

 species, Kettner wrote, in 1849 : " C. comix and corone form 

 only one species. My collection contains numbers of transitional 

 types. The variety called Hooded Crow is not nearly so common 

 as the black Carrion Crow. In December, 1846, a specimen was 

 shot near Baden with the grey parts of the Hooded Crow black, 

 and the black parts grey." — G. frugilegus. In the fields round 

 Karlsruhe, in winter. — C. corax. Observed at the Schurm See, 

 and near the Wild See, in the Black Forest. 



Alauda arvensis. Plentiful. Some remain throughout the 

 winter. — A. cristata. Much rarer in 1887, as the rains of the 

 previous season had probably destroyed many broods. Frequent 

 in the town in winter. 



Cypselus apus. Generally arrives April 25th to 30th ; my 

 earliest date is the 17th of that month. Nests in Karlsruhe, 

 under the eaves of the New " Kunstschule," and on the Kaiser- 

 stuhl, in quarries, promiscuously with Sand Martins. 



Caprimulgus europceus. Not uncommon in the Hardwald. I 

 have also heard it high up in the Schwarzwald (Kniebis Pass). 



Picus martius. In the Black Forest I have generally started 

 this bird off the ground, where it seems to find more food than 

 on the well-kept timber. I observed one in the Rittner-wald 

 near Karlsruhe, and another one, quite close at hand, in the Wild- 

 park ; the latter was unfortunately shot by a gamekeeper. 



Dendrocopus major. Common enough on pine trees, firs, and 

 poplars. Nests in boxes nailed up for the use of Starlings, in 

 the Hardwald. — D. medius. Schlosspark and elsewhere. Some- 

 what rarer, but more tame and sociable, than the preceding. 

 By its knack of climbing up the thinnest branches of trees, it 

 can be distinguished in any light from D. major. — D. minor. 

 Observed in the Wildpark, and in gardens of the town. The 

 females seem to preponderate numerically. 



Gecinus viridis. Near Karlsruhe there is rather a deficiency 

 of old trees, and ant-hills are few and far between ; still there are 

 generally one or two of these birds to be seen, — G. cams. 



