Birds. 6319 



Wren. One species of Regains (calendula). 



Tits. Parus hudsonicus and P. alricapilla. 



Sparrows. Fringilla iliaca, F. pennsylvanica, F. canadensis and 

 F. hyemalis seen and shot. 



Redpole. Considered I saw some flying over. 



Bunting. Emberiza Savanna shot at York Factory in August. 



Grackles. Quiscalus versicolor sparingly ; Q. ferrugineus common. 



Raven. Corvus corax everywhere ; but no crows. 



Jay. Garrulus canadensis also everywhere. 



Woodpecker. Picas arcticus shot, and P. auratus seen. 



Pigeon. A couple of stragglers observed. 



Grouse. None seen, but plenty of droppings in some places. From 

 description I have no doubt the ruffed and Canada grouse are found 

 East of Lake Winnipeg. 



Plover. One flight observed. 



Sandpipers. Tringa remipalmata shot in Hudson's Bay ; T. ame- 

 ricana shot in the river; T. vocifera very common from the sea to 

 Lake Winnipeg at the season. 



Geese, — the greater part of which I considered Anser canadensis. 

 Observed a migration first on the 16th of August. York Factory, 

 and continually seen along the route. 



Ducks. Mallard most common ; greenwinged teal, not rare; golden- 

 eye and buffet-headed ducks were distinguished, and others observed, 

 among them, 1 think, were the scaup and wigeon. 



Cormorant. A species observed two or three times. 



Two species of tern were observed at the mouth of Hayes' River, 

 Hudson's Bay, and one on Lake Winnipeg. 



Loon. Great northern diver not uncommon on the Lakes, but 

 never seen in rivers. 



No birds of the swallow tribe were observed. 



All this time I had been travelling over ground that is perpetually 

 frozen, and at York Factory is found to thaw only to the depth of 

 three or four feet during summer. Norway House stands just on the 

 dividing line between perpetually frozen ground and that which 

 entirely thaws, and this line appears to run from the south of Hudson's 

 Bay to the north end of Lake Winnipeg, and in going west tends to 

 the north. 



The second part of my journey, you will see, lies between 53° and 

 54° N. lat., until Carlton is reached, which is but seven miles south of 

 the former, and in long. 106^° W. 



