Reason and Instinct. 6485 



The head small, the forehead wanting the breadth so remarkable in 

 the adult, and the bony ridge of the crown was hardly perceptible. 

 The horns were just beginning to sprout, the ears larger and rounder 

 than those of the buffalo, the eyes a pale gray or cserulean colour. 

 The hair on the throat was long, and the dewlap slightly indicated. 

 No hump was perceptible, but the dorsal ridge was distinctly marked." 

 Comparing this description with our living calf, it applies exactly ; 

 only our animal is rather older, with horns a moderate span in length ; 

 and we estimate his height at the dorsal ridge to be about 3J feet, or 

 perhaps a trifle more. The great change which the skull undergoes in 

 shape is extremely remarkable, and much affects the position of the 

 orbits, which are placed considerably more backward in the young 

 animal before it developes the extraordinary breadth of forehead. In 

 the old gaour the orbits are remarkably prominent, and are situate 

 very forward in the head ; and there is much of corresponding change 

 in the shape of the head also in the gayal, which species we next pro- 

 ceed to notice. 



(To be continued.) 



Reason and Instinct. By the Rev. J. C. Atkinson, M.A. 



(Continued from p. 6441.) 



We have yet one step more, and higher, to take before we close our 

 present investigation ; and that is, from among the subject-creatures, 

 to the human sovereign of creation. Touching the power, and place, 

 and functions of Instinct in prompting human actions, our enquiries 

 are too recent to need recapitulation here. Suffice it to repeat three 

 out of the four main positions which we endeavoured to illustrate and 

 make good in a former portion of the present essay (Zool. 6081 

 et seq.) 



1. That man, in an uncivilized state, is the most influenced by the 

 impulses of Instinct ; so that in some of his actions that essence or 

 attribute may predominate over Reason, as a practical rule of action ; 

 in an almost isolated action or two, may even operate to the exclusion 

 of Reason. 



2. That, presumably, as he emerges from the uncivilized state, 

 Instinct, by degrees, ceases to have any predominant power, and, 

 infancy past, in no case utterly excludes the operation of Reason. 



3. That, in a fully-civilized state, Instinct survives indeed, but is 



