4 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



Magisalp, and also the woods between the Briinig Pass and the 

 Alpbach. Thence we went by the Oben Hasli-thal and the Im- 

 Hof up to the Engstlen Alp (6100 ft.), and over the Joch Pass 

 (7245 ft.), across the Oben Trubore and Gerschni (4100 ft.) Alps 

 to Engelberg (3350 ft.) ; then down the valley of the Engelberger 

 Aa to Stanz and Stansstad, and across the lake to Lucerne and 

 so back to Bern. As will be seen, we passed over the ground 

 described in ' A Year with the Birds,' by Mr. Fowler. For some 

 days the latter was accompanied by Johann Anderegg, whose 

 name will be familiar to readers of the chapter in that work on 

 the Alps in June, and who has an intimate knowledge of the 

 birds of the district. 



Tardus viscivorus, Missel Thrush. — Common in pine woods 

 below the Magisalp, about 4500 ft. Two or three pairs apparently 

 breeding in the scattered pines at the edge of the Engstlen-Alp. 



T. musicus, Song Thrush. — One heard near the Alpbach Hotel 

 (21)00 ft.), but it was not until we ascended a little higher, and 

 spruce — with birch and hazel here and there — became the pre- 

 vailing tree, and the ground was covered with ling and bear-beny, 

 that we saw any Song Thrushes. Here two or three could be 

 heard in song at once. One, sitting on a spruce top, had a very 

 white breast — i. e. showed little or none of the butf tint observed 

 in our English birds. I noticed the same peculiarity in a specimen 

 from Skye. In the pine woods (about 4000 — 5000 ft.) it becomes 

 a common bird, and we observed it in the high woods near the 

 Brunig Pass, but did not meet with it on the Engstlen. 



T. merula, Blackbird. — A bird of the gardens in lower 

 grounds. Common at Bern and Thun. One heard above the 

 Alpbach, but with this exception not noticed above 2000 ft. One 

 singing from the top of a stake in a vineyard at Bienne. 



T. torquatus, Ring Ouzel. — Not met with until we reached 

 the Engstlen-Alp, where four or five pairs were breeding in the 

 stunted Plnus cembra on the alp and in the pines at the edge. 

 As the males had bright but light orange-yellow bills, — much less 

 deep and rich than the Blackbird's,— and a good deal of white on 

 their wings, they should, I suppose, be called T. torquatus alpestris. 

 The females were very light and brown. One pair had a nest on 

 a horizontal bough — about three feet from the trunk — of a very 

 old Pinus cembra, hoary with shaggy lichen, standing on a rock, 

 as they all do here. The next was about seven feet from the top 



