THE HORSE AND ITS HISTORIANS. 123 



value as illustrating the growth of knowledge on the subject of 

 which they treat. 



The earliest English works relating to the Horse are con- 

 cerned chiefly with hunting, and cannot be said to refer so much 

 to the horse individually, or his management, as to the wild 

 animals which he enables his owner to chase. It is only because 

 they relate to hunting that they have any claim to be included 

 in a bibliography of Hippology. Amongst such works may be 

 mentioned ' The Art of Hunting,' by William Twici, written, 

 originally in Norman-French, about the year 1307, by the hunts- 

 man to King Edward II.; the treatise on hunting in the 'Boke 

 of St. Albans,' 1486 ; and Turbervile's * Booke of Hunting,' 1575, 

 a second edition of which appeared in 1611. 



Amongst the earliest books on equitation by English writers 

 we find Blundevile's 'Foure chiefyst offices belonging to Horse- 

 manship,' 1565; Astley's 'Art of Riding,' 1584; Clifford's 'School 

 of Horsemanship,' 1585; Gervase Markham's 'Discourse of 

 Horsemanshippe,' 1593; and his ' Cavelarie, or the English 

 Horseman,' 1607, the last-named writer being also the author of 

 several other works of a somewhat wider scope, such as the 

 treatise on horses in his ' Country Contentments,' 1611; 'Mark- 

 ham's Maister Piece,' 1615 ; and his ' Faithful Farrier,' 1635, all 

 of which passed through several editions, and were very popular 

 in their day. De Grey's ' Compleat Horseman,' 1639, many times 

 reprinted, was another popular book in its day. In Charles the 

 Second's time (1683) there appeared rather a notable work on the 

 ' Anatomy of the Horse,' by Andrew Snape, farrier to his Majesty 

 —sufficiently esteemed to be translated into French, and to pass 

 through three or four editions. Nearly a century later, ' An 

 Anatomical Description of the Bones in the Foot of the Horse/ 

 by James Clark, of Edinburgh (1770), and the same author's 

 ' Observations on the Shoeing of Horses ' attracted considerable 

 attention, and were translated into German ; while, later still, the 

 name of Bracy Clark became well known through his numerous 

 treatises on the pathology and anatomy of the Horse, his first 

 essay, " On the Bots in Horses," appearing in 1796, in the third 

 volume of the Linnean Society's ' Transactions.' 



The earliest treatise on horse-breeding by an Englishman, 

 though it was written in Latin, is the work of Richard Sadler' 

 published in 1587. The first English book on racing is one by 



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