154 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



Reedsdale, Eresdon near Long Horsley, Lowes (anciently Loughs, 

 from the number of lakes in it), Allendale, and Knaresdale. These 

 forests, he says, were all anciently stored with Red-deer. There 

 were near 6000 head of deer, Red, Roe, and Fallow, in the forests 

 and parks of the Earl of Northumberland in the northern counties, 

 temp. 4 Hen. VIII (1512), according to an account given by his 

 Majesty's Commissioners, and at the same time there were Red- 

 deer in his lordship's forest of Rothbury (op. cit. pp. 409, 410). 



On Martindale Fells, in Westmoreland, a few Red-deer still 

 linger in a state of semi-domestication, and being strictly preserved 

 by Mr. Hassell, of Dalemain, form a pleasing link of association 

 with the past. They are no longer to be found on Whinfell, a 

 former haunt in the same county. 



In Lancashire, in the great forests of Bowland and Black- 

 burnshire, there were Red-deer until the commencement of the 

 present century. We learn from Whitaker (' History of Whalley,' 

 vol.i. p. 205) that the last herd was destroyed there in 1805. In 

 Yorkshire the Red-deer now at Bolton Abbey in a state of semi- 

 domestication are regarded as lineal descendants of the ancient 

 wild stock (Clarke and Roebuck, 'Handbook Yorks. Vertebrates,' 

 p. 11). In the time of James I. herds of Red-deer roamed over 

 Hatfield levels and the adjacent wastes of Lindholme. From the 

 Inquisition of 1007 it appears that they then numbered about 1000 

 head, but that the herds were much impaired by the depredations 

 of the borderers. Mr. Cordeaux is of opinion, from an entry in 

 the parish register of Finningly made in 1737, that a few probably 

 survived until about that date ('Naturalist,' 1886, p. 11). One 

 was seen in Upper Wensleydale in Feb. 1885 ('Naturalist,' 1885, 

 p. 288), but this may have escaped from some park, as it is not 

 likely to have wandered thither from the Westmoreland fells. 



In the royal forest of Needwood, in Staffordshire, Red-deer 

 roamed wild until the commencement of the present century, 

 when the forest was enclosed. Garner states (Nat. Hist. Stafford, 

 p. 249) that a few survived for some years later in the woods of 

 Foremark, where they had taken refuge. In Worcestershire the 

 Red-stag was probably exterminated when Malvern Chase was 

 disafforested in 1631, temp. Charles I. 



" When I first remember the Forest of Dean," says Machen 

 (MS. notes, quoted by Nicholls in his ' Historical and Descriptive 

 Account' of this Forest, pp. 201, 202), " now sixty-five years since 





