NOTES AND QUERIES. 383 



2000 feet or more through snow that was much deeper. There is no doubt 

 that some individuals have their favourite summer resorts, where they were, 

 perhaps, born, and probably all have them, and are thoroughly acquainted 

 with the routes leading from their winter ranges to their summer homes, 

 though some of these routes are not less than a hundred miles long. I 

 know of a doe having lived in and near certain thickets at Big Trees during 

 six or seven successive summers, each summer giving birth to fawns ; and 

 I think the offspring, like the mother, clung tenaciously to the same 

 locality, but I cannot say positively concerning the progeny. There could 

 be no mistake as to the doe, as she was crippled ; she was known to many 

 persons as the club-footed doe. Mr. Harvey Blood, of Alpine County, told 

 me a young fawn was caught at the Dardanelles, near the Summit, about 

 8000 feet above sea-level, given the ear-mark of the sheep-owner upon 

 whose range it was caught, and then released, and that it was killed the 

 following summer within 200 yards of the spot where it was branded. 

 The great depth of the snow at this height in the mountains would prevent 

 this fawn from living there more than about a third of the year ; the 

 remainder of the year it necessarily being at least fifty or sixty miles down 

 the west side of the Sierras. Perhaps it made the vertical migration alone, 

 as the juveniles migrate later than the adults, usually in pairs, but often 

 singly. Cattle and sheep which are pastured in summer in the high 

 Sierras also make voluntary vertical migrations from their winter feeding- 

 grounds in the valleys to their summer ranges in the mountains, sometimes 

 in small parties, sometimes singly; and owners of these animals say they 

 manifest much uneasiness, and are held with difficulty, when the time 

 approaches for the spring drive. The first cool storm in fall is likely to 

 start them down the mountains to their winter ranges again. They some- 

 times make a considerable part of these journeys during the night. — 

 L. B elding, in 'Zoe' (a monthly biological journal, published at San 

 Francisco), June, 1890. 



Seals in the Wash. — Every autumn a considerable number of Seals 

 pass through the Wash and along the Norfolk coast in a southerly direction ; 

 many are born on the sand-banks in the great estuary between the counties 

 of Lincolnshire and Norfolk left dry at low water. Occasionally Grey Seals 

 are met with, but by far the larger number are certainly Phoca vitulina. 

 It is not at all unusual for the shrimpers to see them lying basking on 

 the sands, or rising, mermaid-like, from the sea in the neighbourhood of 

 their boats. About the 8th August last I thus had a good view of one 

 when sailing off Hunstanton, in the neighbourhood of the "sunk" sand. 

 Mr. Clark, of Snettesham, showed me the skins of two young Seals which 

 were taken on the beach in that neighbourhood on the 7th and 9th July 

 last, and Prof. Newton told me that the Master of Downing College, Cam- 

 bridge, had a young Seal sent to him which was taken in the Wash about 



