242 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



seven, recorded as inhabiting North Greenland, — their extreme 

 northern extension being uncertain, — it was reasonable to expect, 

 making the most liberal possible allowance, that thirty- six, or 

 more probably about thirty, might be looked for in Smith's Sound 

 and northward. 



The actual number recorded by Col. H. W. Feilden, the 

 Naturalist to the Expedition, as observed in Smith's Sound and 

 northward, that is between the 78° and 83° of north latitude was 

 twenty-four, and no addition was made to the lists by the sister 

 ship, the * Discovery ' ; these were all well-known Arctic forms 

 included by Prof. Newton, in his excellent Manual: of the possible 

 number of thirty-six enumerated, those not observed by the 

 Expedition included the Grey Plover, American Golden Plover, 

 Eed-necked Phalarope, Purple Sandpiper, Sabine's Gull, Boss's 

 Gull, Iceland Gull, Pomatorhine and Common Skua, Arctic Puffin, 

 Red-breasted Merganser, and Snow Goose. 



The actual number of birds, including stragglers, which are 

 known to have occurred at Spitsbergen is about thirty species, 

 and forty-six were recorded by the Austro- Hungarian Expedition 

 at Jan Mayen Island, which lies about 400 miles N.E. of Iceland, 

 or half-way between that island and Spitsbergen, during the 

 thirteen months the members of the Expedition spent there 

 in 1882-3. Amongst the number were such unexpected and 

 unlooked-for visitors as the Redbreast, Tree Pipit, Fieldfares, 

 Song Thrush, Blackbird, and Water Rail. 



The only complete catalogue of Greenland birds published 

 since 1875 is the one which has recently been compiled by 

 Mr. Andreas T. Hagerup, a Danish mineral engineer, who was 

 resident between two and three years in Southern Greenland, 

 and his opportunities of recording the avifauna of the country 

 have doubtless been greater than those of any other observer. 

 The translation of the work, published in America, is edited by 

 Mr. Montague Chamberlain, a well-known ornithologist, and one 

 of the founders of the American Ornithologists' Union.* 



In the Hagerup- Chamberlain catalogue there are some ten 

 additional species which did not appear in Professor Newton's 



* ' The Birds of Greenland,' by Andreas T. Hagerup. Translated from 

 the Danish by Frimann B. Arngrimson. Edited by Montague Chamberlain. 

 8vo. Little, Brown & Co., Publishers, Boston, U.S.A. 



