246 TttE ZOOLOGIST. 



early in April, leaving again towards the end of October. Till 

 the middle of May they keep together, and on clear days in April 

 a flock of some two thousand will rise to a great height, — three 

 or four thousand feet, — so as to be only recognised by their cries 

 as they wheel around. The eggs are laid on the front of a 

 perpendicular cliff during the first ten days in June ; the earliest 

 date for a young bird on the wing is August 7th. Their food in 

 June is chiefly a small fish, Mallotus arcticus. 



The young of the Glaucous and Iceland Gulls, when they 

 leave the nest in August, gather on the flat tracts along the 

 shore, and devour immense quantities of the berries of Empetrum 

 nigrum. About one thousand pair of the latter nest on the 

 " bird-cliff," at the head of the fjord, above the Kittiwakes, the 

 lowest nests being built at the height of about 200 feet. 



Brunnich's Guillemot breeds in great numbers north of 64°, 

 and not improbably a little south of that line. It is a winter 

 visitor to Ivigtut; in 1856, last seen May 30th, first returning on 

 Nov. 9th. The Little Auk is also a winter visitor, arriving from 

 its breeding quarters about the same time as Briinnich's Murre. 

 The Black Guillemot of the west coast of Greenland appears to 

 be identical with that of the Norwegian and North British shores, 

 and is very common throughout the year. The Puffin of Green- 

 land seems identical with the European Fratercula arctica. It 

 breeds sparingly along the west coast, but is more frequent in 

 the northern than southern division of the country. Two forms 

 or geographical races of the Fulmar are recognised, F. glacialis 

 and F. glacialis minor, the last breeding in vast numbers north 

 of the 69th parallel. 



To sum up, Mr. Chamberlain says that of the one hundred 

 and thirty-nine birds, enumerated in Mr. Hagerup's list, fifty- 

 three are purely accidental, and twenty -four so rare that they 

 might be included in the same number, leaving sixty-one species 

 that may be classed as regular inhabitants, resident, or remaining 

 annually for a longer or shorter period in the country, and of 

 these latter some are quite of uncommon occurrence. 



It would, however, perhaps have been well, considering 

 the very scanty evidence, to exclude altogether such doubtful 

 occurrences amongst the birds of Greenland as that of the 

 Tufted Puffin and the Pacific Eider. 



