Insects. 5391 



venient place, and therefore in tearing it off (which should be done 

 with the hand, not the trowel), great care must be taken in loosening 

 the edge of the moss, for there the pupa is, I may say, invariably 

 found. October, &c. 



Ennomos illunaria. I once found, as stated in my first paper, 

 a whole brood of this species at the roots of one ash tree. Not met 

 with since. September. 



„ fuscantaria. Once found spun up at the roots of an ash. 

 August. Brandeston. 



„ tiliaria. Two or three spun up between blades of grass 

 growing in the corners formed by the roots. Birch. August. 



Odontoptera bidentaria. Common under moss everywhere. October, 

 &c. 



Crocallis elinguaria. The pupae of this species may be taken in 

 comparative plenty under moss on poplars about the end of June or 

 beginning of July. 



Anisopteryx aescularia. Not uncommon at roots of elm and oak. 

 October, &c. 



Hibernia leucophaearia. One female at roots of, I think, a syca- 

 more. 



„ rupicapraria and progemmaria. Very common at roots of 

 elm throughout summer and autumn. 



„ aurantiaria and defoliaria. Also common in the same 

 situations. Should be looked for not later than September. 



The above four species may be found in little "clusters" in dry 

 nooks formed by the roots of elm trees, and beautiful varieties thus 

 procured : much trouble in looking for the apterous females will also 

 be saved. 



Phigalia pilosaria. Common at roots of elm. October, &c. 



Biston hirtaria. Common at roots of ash. This pupa may be 

 known by a row of dull yellow spots on each side. In October, &c. 



„ prodromaria and betularia. Both common; the former at 

 roots of oak, the latter at those of elm. October, &c. 



Boarmia abietaria. Found in profusion at roots of fir trees in 

 Gloucestershire. Last week in June : this time should be strictly 

 adhered to, as the insect sometimes remains only eight days in the 

 pupa-state. 



Tephrosia laricaria. Several, in the New Forest, under moss on 

 oak trees. October, &c. 



„ consonaria. This insect appears in the perfect state 

 about the first week in May : the pupa should be looked for, in April, 



