SUGAR. 



139 



hemp, and called gunny-bags; from Havannah in large 

 boxes; from Manilla in calico bags; from the Mauritius 

 in mat bags ; and from the Brazils in very large boxes or 

 chests. The quanity imported in 1851 was 314,301 tons : 

 of this enormous quantity 305,616 tons were consumed as 

 raw sugar, 17,769 tons were refined, and 23,047 were ex- 

 ported to other countries. 



Molasses, Melasses, or Treacle, is the uncrystallizable 

 portion of the cane-juice, which, in the processes detailed 

 above, drains out, and is used in various ways, especially for 

 sweetening the food of the poorer classes. The quantity 

 imported in 1851 was 42,252 tons. 



Eum is distilled from the refuse canes after all the sac- 

 charine juice has been expressed by the mills ; they are first 

 fermented and then distilled. Of this spirit 4,194,683 

 gallons were imported in 1851. 



Besides the sugar-cane, many other plants yield sugar; the 

 principal of these are — 



1. The Beet-root and Mangold Wurzel, or Mangel 

 Wurtzel, two varieties of Beta vulgaris (Nat. Ord. Chenqpo- 

 diacea), which are cultivated very largely on the continent 

 of Europe, especially in Prance, where a great portion of 

 the supply of sugar is from the juice of these large succulent 

 roots. 



