MANGROVE BARK. 189 



Yalonia. — The acorn-cups of Quercus JEgilops. (Plate 

 XII. fig. 60.) This oak is a dwarf shrubby species grow- 

 ing abundantly in the Levant ; the acorns produced by it 

 are very large, the cups often measuring over an inch in 

 diameter; they have a whitish colour and a peculiar rough 

 appearance, owing to their being covered externally with 

 large reflexed woody scales. Yalonia is very valuable for 

 its tanning properties, and the abundance in which it is 

 produced spontaneously. We receive it chiefly from Smyrna, 

 whence not less than 12,520 tons were imported in 1850. 

 There are two articles, one called Camata (Plate XII. fig. 

 61), the other Camatina (Plate XII. fig. 62), which are 

 also produced by Quercus JEgilops. Camata consists of the 

 half-grown acorns dried, and Camatina is the ovule en- 

 veloped in its involucre just after the flowering is over, in 

 other words an incipient acorn ; so that these three materials 

 are the seeds of this oak in three stages of development. 

 Yalonia is the least valuable of the three. 



Mangrove Bark. Rhizophora Mangle. (Nat. Ord. 

 Bkizophoracece.) — This tree is most abundant in tropical 

 countries, on the marshy banks of rivers, where it forms an 

 impenetrable jungle from the circumstance of its branches 

 throwing down roots somewhat after the manner of the 



