228 POPULAR ECONOMIC BOTANY. 



Pereira describes it in the Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. in., 

 under the name of Woo-pei-tze ; they are of a very irregular 

 shape, more bulky than the common galls, and hollow, 

 the external shell being only about -^ of an inch in thick- 

 ness, very brittle, and of a brownish-yellow colour. Mr. 

 Doubleday says the producing insect in this case is one of 

 the Aphis tribe ; they are extremely astringent, but have 

 probably not yet been used in dyeing. The two next dye- 

 stuffs are vegetable extracts. 



Aenotto, Anatto, Anotta. — The pulp extracted from 

 the seeds of Bixa Orellana. (Nat. Ord. Flacourtiacete.) 



The seeds of the Bixa are enclosed in a three- valved seed- 

 vessel, about an inch in length, and somewhat like the cap- 

 sule of the common beech ; it is covered with short hair-like 

 prickles, and is of a rich dark brown colour. When the 

 valves open, the seeds, ten or twelve in number, are seen 

 packed within ; they are about the size of tares, but rather 

 angular, and, being covered with a waxen pulp of a bright 

 orange-colour, are not unlike coral beads. This waxen pulp 

 is removed from the seeds by washing, and forms the anatto 

 of commerce, which usually is of a yellowish-red colour, 

 and about the consistency of palm-oil ; this is flag and roll 

 anatto. It is sometimes in a drier state, made into cakes, 



