ESSENTIAL OILS. 273 



the lemon, that it can be obtained either by expression or 

 distillation. The former process is generally adopted. It 

 is imported in large copper vessels called cylinders, varying 

 in size, but rarely exceeding six gallons. It is received 

 chiefly from Messina and Palermo, but considerable quan- 

 tities are also imported at times from Portugal. About 

 10,000 lbs. are annually brought to this country. It is 

 used in confectionery and perfumery. 



Oil or Essence of Bergamot. — This oil is obtained 

 in the same manner as the last, from the rind of the Berga- 

 mot Orange, Citrus Bergamia (Aurantiacece) . About 8000 

 lbs. are annually brought from Sicily, the whole of which is 

 consumed in perfumery. 



Oil oe Orange is obtained by distillation with water 

 from the rind of the Sweet Orauge. Used in perfumery. 



Oil of Orange Leaf, or Essence de Petit Grain, 

 is procured by distillation from the green leaves of the 

 Orange-tree. Also used by perfumers. 



Oil of Neroli, Essence of Neroli, or Oil of 

 Orange Elowers, distilled from the flowers of various 

 species of the orange tribe, but chiefly from those of the 

 Common Orange. This oil constitutes a very delicate per- 

 fume ; the odour of the favourite Eau de Cologne is owing 



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