18 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



de Perthes found some precisely similar flint implements at 

 Abbeville. Since then the finds have been so numerous that the 

 subject has become one of common and familiar knowledge. In 

 the heart of London, as well as in many parts of the country, palaeo- 

 lithic flint implements have been found in enormous numbers, 

 in association with bones of extinct animals, and in circum- 

 stances proving their immense antiquity. These animals include 

 the Hippopotamus, Mammoth, Elephant, Rhinoceros, Lion, Wild 

 Cat, Bear, Hyaena, Bison, and Wild Horse. Mr. Worthington 

 Smith has discovered, at Caddington, thirty miles from London, 

 "an undisturbed living and working place of primeval Man," 

 and has traced there, as he had previously done at Stoke 

 Newington, in the north-east of London, a palaeolithic floor, that 

 is, a thin stratum of flint, in some places full of flint implements 

 and flakes, and extending over an area of several miles. 



We have thus acquired, from all parts of the British Islands, 

 abundant evidence of Man's workmanship, from which much 

 may be gathered as to his manners and customs. Has there 

 been any discovery of early remains of Man himself? If the 

 answer to the question were a decided negative it would not be 

 surprising ; for there are many probabilities against the long 

 preservation of human bones. 



This, indeed, is an argument that has been strongly used 

 against the authenticity of certain remains found in the year 

 1888, at Galley Hill, near Swanscombe, in Kent. I take the 

 following summary of the discovery from the useful work on 

 ' Ethnology,' by Prof. A. H. Keane :— 



"Nearly perfect skeleton found by Mr. R. Elliott and Mr. 

 Matthew Heys in situ at a depth of 8 feet in the Pleistocene high- 

 level gravels about 90 feet above the Thames, with numerous 

 palaeolithic implements and remains of extinct mammals close 

 by; skull hyperdolichocephalic, extremely long, narrow and 

 much depressed, with height and breadth indexes 67 and 64; 

 glabella and brow-ridges prominent; forehead somewhat receding; 

 all chief sutures obliterated ; three lower molars and two pre- 

 molars in place ; last lower molar, which in Neolithic skulls is 

 smaller, is in this specimen as large, if not larger than the first ; 

 height about 5 ft. 1 in. ; altogether most nearly related to the 

 Neanderthal, Spy and Naulette types (Dr. Garson) ; ' is the best 



