180 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



whose death we now deplore — was, from his knowledge and 

 opportunities, an authority of no mean order on his subject, 

 there is no reason why Mr. Whitlock should not hold a brief in 

 opposition. This he has done, and replied in a very trenchant 

 manner to most of the views of Gatke ; in fact, he almost traverses 

 in detail the whole of that observer's work. The verdict must 

 of course rest with those ornithologists who study the evidence on 

 both sides, and though some of Mr. Whitlock's contentions seem 

 to carry conviction, they are still so numerous that the old 

 adage involuntarily arises, quod nimis probat nihil probat. 



Report of Observations on Injurious Insects and Common Farm 

 Pests during the year 1896. By Eleanor A. Ormerod, 

 F.R.Met.Soc. Simpkin, Marshall & Co. Limited. 1897. 



The unostentatious and excellent work done by Miss Ormerod 

 in the domain of economic entomology is to be found in that 

 lady's Annual Reports of Observations, of which the twentieth, 

 for the year 1896, is now before us. The cut bono? so frequently 

 addressed to entomologists finds a sufficient answer in these 

 Reports, and they bring us back to the well-known, but perhaps 

 now too little read, pages of Kirby and Spence. 



" The year 1896, like its predecessor, showed presence 

 of many kinds of agricultural insect infestations, including in 

 these crop, orchard, and forest pests ; also infestations to live 

 stock, and to Deer, though not in any instance to the extent 

 of any one special attack being seriously prevalent over the 

 whole of our island." 



We find a good illustration and account of the " Red-bearded 

 Bot Fly, Cephenomyia riifibarbis, which infests, in its larval con- 

 dition, the nostrils and throat and mouth parts of the Red Deer. 

 The authoress, quoting Dr. Brauer, states : — " The method 

 of attack is for the flies to lay their small living maggots, in the 

 early or middle part of the summer, at the opening of the 

 nostrils of the Red Deer, up which they work, adhering by their 

 mouth-hooks, until they reach the throat of the Deer, where 

 they may still be found in February." ... " The exit of the 

 maggots takes place from early in March until April, through 





