THE BURMESE WILD BULL. 491 



are generally found in places where the species is obtained, though 

 many of these " salt licks " are nothing more than a mixture 

 of mud and water which has a slightly saline taste. These 

 " salt licks " are also visited by hundreds of Parrots, Green and 

 Imperial Pigeons; and also by Elephants, Bisons, Pigs, and 

 Sambar. The Tsine is often shot at these places by the 

 hunter, who squats up in a tree close by. Bison and Tsine are 

 never met together in a herd, although I have found both 

 beasts within the radius of a mile of each other. The spoor of 

 the Tsine is heart-shaped, and very pointed anteriorly, quite 

 unlike the track of a Bison : this is owing to the hoofs of the 

 former being much more pointed and Deer-like. These animals, 

 either when feeding or lying down, always have a sentry, 

 generally a Cow. When lying down they generally rest in a 

 circle ; and when the sentry suspects danger she either stamps 

 her foot or gets up ; and with a " psheu " and a snort the whole 

 herd stampede with their tails in the air. Thus alarmed they 

 go miles before stopping, and it is useless pursuing them under 

 such circumstances. They are always in good condition, al- 

 though at times subject to cattle disease. All specimens which 

 I have shot had splendid coats, smooth and shining, like that of 

 a well-groomed horse. The skin is much prized by the Bur- 

 mans for making shoes. The under parts of the body in one Cow 

 were covered with small warts, varying in size from that of a pea 

 to a hazel-nut. The neck of the Bull is generally covered with 

 scars, the result of wounds received in combat. The genital 

 organs, too, in the Bull, are covered with huge ticks. In the 

 paunch of this animal, mixed up with the grass, I have seen 

 hundreds of a peculiar looking parasite, which in some cases 

 are in such numbers that the stomach seems to be lined with 

 them. These parasites are bladder-shaped, one-fourth of an inch 

 long, and are of two kinds — one red, and the other white ; they 

 seem to adhere to the villi of the stomach, and feed on the blood 

 or its serum ; each has a distinct sucker like a leech, but they die 

 very soon after exposure to the air. I have seen the same para- 

 site in the stomachs of other animals, Sambar, &c. ; but notably 

 in the Tsine and Eld's Deer, Cervus eldi. These parasites do 

 not seem to affect the animal's health, as they were always well 

 conditioned, sleek, and fat. The human stomach is also said 



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