Viscosity of Solutions. 



231 



to detect a change which otherwise might pass, or, perhaps, 

 has passed, unnoticed. 



Experiments on Solutio?is of Calcium Chloride. 



These were undertaken with a view to investigate the 

 viscosities of solutions of the same salt in different solvents. 

 For this purpose viscosities of solutions of calcium chloride * 

 [i? T*o> rfo normal] in water, ethyl alcohol, and methyl 

 alcohol were determined. Considerable trouble was taken 

 to purify the substances used. As no obvious relation appears 

 to exist an account of only a few of the experiments is given 

 in the following Table. The noteworthy result of these 

 experiments is that the increase of viscosity on adding 

 calcium chloride to either of the alcohols is much greater 

 than that produced when it is added to water. Perhaps the 

 explanation of this is to be found in the superior dissociating 

 action of the water. 



Table XIX. 



Liquid. 



Tempe- 

 rature. 



Viscosity. 



Water 



= 1. 



Differ- 

 ences. 



Tempe- 

 rature. 



Viscosity. 



Differ- 

 ences. 



£ CaCl 2 in water 



o 



15 

 15 



15 

 15 



15 

 15 



1-053 

 1- 



•053 

 •365 

 •174 



o 



50 

 50 



50 

 50 



50 

 50 



•543 

 •513 



•767 

 ■621 



•030 

 •146 



•085 



\ CaCl 2 in C 2 H 6 

 C H 6 



1-533 

 1-168 



•768 

 •594 



£ Ca01 2 in 0H 4 O 

 OH 4 



•466 



•381 







The solutions used in these experiments, with the excep- 

 tion of the sulphuric-acid solutions, were made up in the 

 chemical laboratory of Gonville and Caius College. The 

 viscosity determinations were made in the Cavendish Labora- 

 tory. My thanks are due to Professor Thomson for many 

 valuable suggestions during the course of the work. 



Gonville and Caius College, 

 Cambridge, July 1889. 



* Fitzpatrick determined the electrical resistances of solutions of these 

 and other strengths. B. A. Rep. 188(3 ; Phil. Mag. Nov. 1887. 



